A new edition of this established text has been expanded and updated, treating this important field in a holistic manner. The structure of the previous book has been retained, but enhanced with new text and illustrations, and more numerical problems with a wider scope. Readers will find much on the background to the industry and details of such centrally important operations as refining, heat exchange, cracking, polymerisation and hydrogenation. There is a chapter on offshore matters, which includes some incidents that occurred since the first edition. National and international standards are considered as these relate to such things as site layout. The coverage of the fire and explosion behaviour of hydrocarbons has been extended, in particular in relation to flash points. The topic of leaked gas detection has been introduced, and there is considerable extension of the coverage of static electricity hazards. There is more on liquefied natural gas (LNG), including details of processes for its regasification. Natural gas condensate features, having grown considerably in importance since the first edition.Re-refining of crude oil products that have previously been used as lubricants or as hydraulic fluids has also experienced growth, and this too has its place in the book from the perspective of safety. Tight gas and coal bed methane feature, as does the controversial matter of hydraulic fracture to obtain them. The chemical processing chapter has been extended to include hydrocracking, hydrodesulphurisation and hydrodenitrogenation. The COMAH (Control of Major Accident Hazards) regulations are covered and sign conventions for hazards are explained with illustrations.

The book gives a systematical and almost self-contained description of the many facets of envisaging, designing, implementing or experimentally exploring offshore mechatronics and systems along the adequate designs of integrated modeling, safety, control and supervision infrastructure. With the rapid improvements in offshore technologies in various fields such as oil and gas industry, wind energy, robotics and logistics, many researchers in academia and industry have focused on technology-based challenges raised in offshore environment. This book introduces novel theoretical or practical techniques for offshore mechatronics systems. Chapters cover general application model-based systems engineering, wind energy, control systems, mechanics, health monitoring, safety critical human-machine systems, logistics and offshore industrial complexes such as oil and gas operations, robotics, large space structures and autonomous underwater vehicles, and some other advanced technologies. The core feature of this book is that of establishing synergies of modeling, control, computing and mechanics in order to achieve not only robust plant system operation but also properties such as safety, cost, integrity and survivability while retaining desired performance quality. The book provides innovative insights into applications aspects and theoretical understanding of complex offshore mechatronics systems that has emerged in recent years, either via physical implementations or via extensive computer simulations in addition to sound innovated theoretical developments. It will serve as a reference for graduate and postgraduate students and for researchers in all engineering disciplines, including mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and applied mathematics to explore the state-of-theart techniques for solving problems of integrated modeling, control and supervision of complex offshore plants with collective safety and robustness. Thus it shall be useful as a guidance for system engineering practitioners and system theoretic researchers alike.

This book comprises the proceedings of the Fifth International Conference in Ocean Engineering (ICOE2019) focusing on emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of ocean engineering and offshore structures. Some of the themes covered in this volume are offshore structures and deepwater technology, ocean optics & acoustics, ocean renewable energy, marine spatial planning, climate change impacts & disaster risk reduction, etc. The essays are written by leading international experts, making it a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers alike.

This book provides all the key information needed to design offshore structures for renewable energy applications successfully. Suitable for practicing engineers and students, the author conveys design principles and best practices in a clear, concise manner, focusing on underlying physics while eschewing complicated mathematical detail. The text connects underlying scientific theory with industry standards and practical implementation issues for offshore wind turbines, wave energy converters and current turbines. Combined concepts such as wave-wind energy platforms are discussed, as well. Coverage of design codes and numerical tools ensures the usefulness of this resource for all those studying and working in the rapidly expanding field of offshore renewable energy.

This book reviews and examines the relevant portions of all international treaties, cases and the national law and practice of states, in relation to international aspects of offshore oil rigs. By doing so, it offers an understanding of the legal regime surrounding oil rigs and formulates an international law framework. It investigates the issues under consideration by analyzing provisions of international law pertaining to all aspects of oil rigs, as well as international treaties and their travaux preparatoires. It also examines the national legislation of major offshore oil and gas producers and defines a framework of customary international entities such as the OSPAR and the petroleum industries of certain major offshore oil producers. Based upon the book's findings, it is clear that in spite of their increasing importance, offshore oil installations are subject to fragmentary and vague legal rules under international law.

This work describes the key results of the European research project called PROVERBS to develop and implement probability-based methods for the design of monolithic coastal structures and breakwaters subject to sea wave attacks. The issues treated include the hydrodynamic, geotechnical and structural processes involved in the wave-structure-foundation interactions and in the associated failure mechanisms.

This book details some of the problems experienced in the Soviet petroleum industry and includes a discussion on the downward trend in petroleum production. It reviews a geological assessment of the offshore region and presents a discussion of activities in the Soviet offshore waters.

The Brent Spar saga has become an environmental icon of the late 1990s and its recent conclusion will have repercussions into the 21st century. Like the Newbury Bypass and the Exxon Valsez, this is one environmental issue with real resonance for the public. This text chronicles the events leading up to the recent decision to recycle the offshore installation in a Norwegian fjord; the Greenpeace campaign to stop it being dumped at sea; the repercussions of Shell's decision to abort the decommissioning at the eleventh hour and the dialogue processes that have occurred to attempt to resolve the issue. It aims to give a balanced, impartial account of the situation. Its key aim being to inform the reader about the facts and mechanisms of the dialogue process and the need to approach decisions in a different way. Readers should benefit from an account of the mistakes made by both sides, the input from government, the scientific community, the press and public, and they can apply this knowledge to future environmental issues.

This revised text provides an updated account of principles and survey modelling in hydraulic, coastal and offshore engineering. Topics covered include discrete forms of conservation laws, numerical methods, the foundations of computational hydraulics, and applications of computational hydraulics.

This book discusses coastal defense measures, which have not improved in the past few decades, and better alternatives. It emphasizes on the existence of stable bays in coastal geomorphology and their use in coastal stabilization. The conventional measures for saving beaches, such as seawalls, groins, offshore breakwaters, and renourishment, are discussed in detail, followed by an alternative known as headland control. Many types of coast, and the respective defense measures, are discussed, especially for eroding beaches downcoast of harbors with long breakwaters. The formation of offshore bars during storms is examined and the design of stable recreational beaches is demonstrated. Practical design problems are discussed in all cases. Many issues requiring attention in coastal engineering are also outlined.

This book discusses coastal defense measures, which have not improved in the past few decades, and better alternatives. It emphasizes on the existence of stable bays in coastal geomorphology and their use in coastal stabilization. The conventional measures for saving beaches, such as seawalls, groins, offshore breakwaters, and renourishment, are discussed in detail, followed by an alternative known as headland control. Many types of coast, and the respective defense measures, are discussed, especially for eroding beaches downcoast of harbors with long breakwaters. The formation of offshore bars during storms is examined and the design of stable recreational beaches is demonstrated. Practical design problems are discussed in all cases. Many issues requiring attention in coastal engineering are also outlined.

This monograph provides a general background to the modelling of a special class of offshore structures known as compliant structures. External forcing is resisted by buoyancy and tension forces which increase when the structure is slightly offset from its equilibrium. The technical development given in this book is presented in such a way as to highlight the adaptability of the modelling, and the reader is shown how the techniques described can be applied to a variety of different offshore structures.

This book provides an in-depth look at the behavior, design, and construction of offshore structures. It describes the behavior of cylindrical members and suggests appropriate software, written by the contributors, to determine everything from loading up to the ultimate load, including post-buckling and cyclic inelasticity.

The Channel Tunnel was a huge construction project, employing over 14,000 people at its peak, and costing over u11 billion of private money. This book follows the project, and shows how it has succeeded in spite of great financial, political and technical difficulties, and a fundamentally flawed contract. This book should be of interest to professionals involved in tunnelling, contractors, tunnelling and railway engineers, surveyors, planners; politicians; financiers; bankers and others concerned with planning or financing major projects; and the general reader interested in the story of the Tunnel.

These proceedings gather a selection of refereed papers presented at the 1st Vietnam Symposium on Advances in Offshore Engineering (VSOE 2018), held on 1-3 November 2018 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The contributions from researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and entrepreneurs address technological and policy changes intended to promote renewable energies, and to generate business opportunities in oil and gas and offshore renewable energy. With a special focus on energy and geotechnics, the book brings together the latest lessons learned in offshore engineering, technological innovations, cost-effective and safer foundations and structural solutions, environmental protection, hazards, vulnerability, and risk management. The book offers a valuable resource for all graduate students, researchers and industrial practitioners working in the fields of offshore engineering and renewable energies.

This book systematically introduces readers to computational granular mechanics and its relative engineering applications. Part I describes the fundamentals, such as the generation of irregular particle shapes, contact models, macro-micro theory, DEM-FEM coupling, and solid-fluid coupling of granular materials. It also discusses the theory behind various numerical methods developed in recent years. Further, it provides the GPU-based parallel algorithm to guide the programming of DEM and examines commercial and open-source codes and software for the analysis of granular materials. Part II focuses on engineering applications, including the latest advances in sea-ice engineering, railway ballast dynamics, and lunar landers. It also presents a rational method of parameter calibration and thorough analyses of DEM simulations, which illustrate the capabilities of DEM. The computational mechanics method for granular materials can be applied widely in various engineering fields, such as rock and soil mechanics, ocean engineering and chemical process engineering.

Collision and Grounding of Ships and Offshore Structures contains the latest research results and innovations presented at the 6th International Conference on Collision and Grounding of Ships and Offshore Structures (Trondheim, Norway, 17-19 June 2013). The book comprises contributions made in the field of numerical and analytical analysis of collision and grounding consequences for ships and offshore structures in various scenarios, such as narrow passageways and arctic conditions including accidental ice impact. A wide range of topics is covered:

- Recent large-scale collision experiments

- Innovative concepts and procedures to improve the crashworthiness of ships and offshore structures

- Ship collisions with offshore renewable energy installations

- Residual strength of damaged ship structures as well as mitigation measures for the consequences of such accidents

- Statistical analysis of collision and grounding incidents to analyse and predict the probability of their occurrence

- Developments concerning rational rules for structural design to avoid collisions

- Grounding actions comprising the use of general risk assessment methodologies

Collision and Grounding of Ships and Offshore Structures contributes significantly to increasing the safety and reliability of seaborne transport and operations, and will be useful to academics and engineers involved in marine technology-related research and the marine industry.

A rotting hull of a ship...lost gold...coins...gems...Sunken Treasure!

Today treasure hunting is a big business. Searchers use metal detectors and sonar to locate treasure on the ocean floor. Divers use high-powered machinery to uncover objects buried in the sand and to raise them to the surface. And more than just treasures are discovered. A whole window into the past is opened up. A salvage can take months or even years. But it's worth it!

Changes in the Industry; C.J. Landen. Session One: High Pressure/High Temperature; Chairman: C.P. Ellinas. Dunbar Double Wall Insulated Pipeline; D. Popineau. Subsea Pipelines Rated at less than Wellhead Shut-In Pressure; D. Bayly. The Strathspey Pipeline Warm Up System -- Design Philosophy & Operating Experience; G. Banner. Session Two: Design; Chairman: P. Brown. Bending of Pipelines to High Levels of Strain; A.C. Walker, D.P. Ellinas. A Critical Review of Near-Shore and Landfall Pipeline Design and Construction; T. Sriskandrajah, J.H. Watkins, E.A. David. Description of a Test on a Novel Reel Lay Facility; M. Seeley, T. Welsh, K. Williams. Guidelines for Free Spanning Pipelines: Outstanding Items and Technology Innovation; F. Tura, M.B. Bryndum, N.J.R. Nielsen. Upheaval Buckling of Flexible Pipes; S.A. Lotvelt, P. Bryn. Session Three: Construction/Installation; Chairman: P. Rosier. Remote Connection Systems for Subsea Pipeline Tie-Ins and Repairs; D. Cruickshank, P. Maxted. ROV Assisted Geotechnical Investigation of Pipeline Trench Back Fill Material Aids Design of Tordis to Gullfaks `C' Pipeline; P.T. Power, R.A. Hawkins, H.P. Christophersen, I. McKenzie. New Burial Techniques for Effective Cable Burial and Protection of Pipes; I.D. Bonnon. Application of a High Resolution Seismic Refraction Equipment to the Precise Investigations of Subbottom Materials along Subsea Pipeline Routes; F. Cour, J.F. Nauroy, J. Meunier. Hydrodynamic Excavation -- Recent Experience in Pipeline and Cable De-Burial, Trenching and Backfilling and Large Scale Seabed Site Clearance; N.V. Sills. Session Four: Operations and Maintenance; Chairman: B.A. Jones. In Service Monitoring of Pipelines with the Geopig Geometry Survey Tool and Associated Pipeline Database System; J. Bruce. Through-Life Monitoring of Pipelines; J.H.A. Baker. Technological Advances in Pipeline Isolation and Repair; A. Aldeen. Underwater Pipeline Repair: Problems and Solutions; N. Wright, B.A. Jones. Developments in Subsea Pipe Freezing for Deep Water Applications; A.J. Barden, R. Standen.

Handbook of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations is an authoritative source providing extensive up-to-date coverage of the technology used in the exploration, drilling, production, and operations in an offshore setting. Offshore oil and gas activity is growing at an expansive rate and this must-have training guide covers the full spectrum including geology, types of platforms, exploration methods, production and enhanced recovery methods, pipelines, and envinronmental managment and impact, specifically worldwide advances in study, control, and prevention of the industry's impact on the marine environment and its living resources. In addition, this book provides a go-to glossary for quick reference. Handbook of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations empowers oil and gas engineers and managers to understand and capture on one of the fastest growing markets in the energy sector today.

Geopressure drives fluid flow and is important for hydrocarbon exploration, carbon sequestration, and designing safe and economical wells. This concise guide explores the origins of geopressure and presents a step-by-step approach to characterizing and predicting pressure and least principal stress in the subsurface. The book emphasizes how geology, and particularly the role of flow along permeable layers, drives the development and distribution of subsurface pressure and stress. Case studies, such as the Deepwater Horizon blowout, and laboratory experiments, are used throughout to demonstrate methods and applications. It succinctly discusses the role of elastoplastic behaviour, the full stress tensor, and diagenesis in pore pressure generation, and it presents workflows to predict pressure, stress, and hydrocarbon entrapment. It is an essential guide for academics and professional geoscientists and petroleum engineers interested in predicting pressure and stress, and understanding the role of geopressure in geological processes, well design, hydrocarbon entrapment, and carbon sequestration.

This book presents a study for the determination of environmental load factors for Jacket Platforms in Malaysia and a methodology to determine the life extension of aging platforms. The simplified methods described here could be used for determining not only structural reliability but also safety factors. Its content is particularly interesting to design and maintenance engineers who are working in offshore or onshore industry.

Offshore Risk Assessment was the first book to deal with quantified risk assessment (QRA) as applied specifically to offshore installations and operations. Risk assessment techniques have been used for more than three decades in the offshore oil and gas industry, and their use is set to expand increasingly as the industry moves into new areas and faces new challenges in older regions. This updated and expanded third edition has been informed by a major R&D program on offshore risk assessment in Norway and summarizes research from 2006 to the present day. Rooted with a thorough discussion of risk metrics and risk analysis methodology, subsequent chapters are devoted to analytical approaches to escalation, escape, evacuation and rescue analysis of safety and emergency systems. Separate chapters analyze the main hazards of offshore structures: fire, explosion, collision, and falling objects as well as structural and marine hazards. Risk mitigation and control are discussed, as well as an illustration of how the results from quantitative risk assessment studies should be presented. The third second edition has a stronger focus on the use of risk assessment techniques in the operation of offshore installations. Also decommissioning of installations is covered. Not only does Offshore Risk Assessment describe the state of the art of QRA, it also identifies weaknesses and areas that need further development. This new edition also illustrates applications or quantitative risk analysis methodology to offshore petroleum applications. A comprehensive reference for academics and students of marine/offshore risk assessment and management, the book should also be owned by professionals in the industry, contractors, suppliers, consultants and regulatory authorities.

The purpose of this book is to examine the geospatial and temporal linkage between offshore supply vessels and oil and gas activity in the Outer Continental Shelf Gulf of Mexico, and to model OSV activity expected to result from future lease sales. Oil and gas operations occur throughout the world wherever commercial accumulations exist, but no quantitative assessment has ever been performed on the marine vessels that support offshore activity. The OCS Gulf of Mexico is the largest and most prolific offshore oil and gas basin in the world, and a large number of marine vessels are engaged in operations in the region, but tracking their activity is difficult and requires specialized data sources and the development of empirical models. The challenge of modeling arises from the complexity and size of the system, and the particular limitations governing stochastic difficult-to-observe networks. This book bridges the gap with the latest technological perspective and provides insight and computational methods to inform and better understand the offshore sector. Offshore Service Industry and Logistics Modeling in the Gulf of Mexico is presented in three parts.  In Part 1, background information on the life cycle stages of offshore development and activity is reviewed, along with a description of the service vessels and port infrastructure in the region.  In Part 2, OSV activity in the Gulf of Mexico is baselined using PortVision data to establish spatial and temporal characteristics of vessel activity. In Part 3, the analytic framework used to quantify the connection between OSVs, ports, and offshore activity is described, and activity expected to arise from the 2012-2017 OCS lease program is forecast. Providing an invaluable resource for academics and researchers, this book is also intended for government regulators, energy and environmental analysts, industry professionals, and others interested in this often-overlooked sector.

A thorough understanding of the interaction of waves and currents with offshore structures has now become a vital factor in the safe and economical design of various offshore technologies. There has been a significant increase in the research efforts to meet this need. Although considerable progress has been made in the offshore industry and in the understanding of the interaction of waves, currents, and wind with ocean structures, most of the available books concentrate only on practical applications without a grounding in the physics. This text strives to integrate an understanding of the physics of ocean structure interactions with numerous applications. This more complete understanding will allow the engineer and designer to solve problems heretofore not encountered, and to design new and innovative structures. The intent of this book is to serve the needs of future generations of engineers designing more sophisticated structures at ever increasing depths."