This book covers the basics of evoked spinal cord potentials (SCPs) with reference to studies in animals. Many illustrations help the reader grasp the neurophysiological and neuropharmacological background of spinal cord functions. Case studies offer insight into monitoring and diagnosing spinal cord dysfunctions and spinal cord diseases. The book is intended for students in clinical neurophysiology, neurosurgery, neurology, orthopedics and neuroanesthesia.

Orthopedic experts in their field have carefully chosen what they consider to be the key papers in their respective domains. Every paper is carefully described and evaluated by its strengths, weaknesses and its contribution to the field. Papers have been chosen by number of citations, academic importance, articles that have changed our whole way of thinking or that have simply stood the test of time.

Injuries to the hamstring and quadriceps muscles can occur in both low- and high-impact sports and as such are among the more common injuries incurred by athletes. Reviewing the relevant physiology, epidemiology, mechanisms, clinical presentation and treatment of these conditions, Hamstring and Quadriceps Injuries in Athletes covers all sports-related injuries of the thigh musculature in one place. Topics covered include mid substance injuries, acute proximal tendon avulsions and harvesting of hamstrings, as well as strains, contusions and ruptures of the quadriceps, including the use of biologic enhancing agents in healing. Chapters on rehabilitation and injury prevention present techniques to maximize recovery and minimize long-term impairment, speeding up return to play. It will be an often-used and reliable guide for sports medicine practitioners, orthopedists, physical therapists, primary care physicians, team physicians and trainers who treat the injured athlete.

The Multiple Ligament Injured Knee: A Practical Guide to Management includes the most developed knowledge needed to successfully diagnose and treat knee ligament injuries. This thorough work presents anterior and posterior cruciate and collateral ligament anatomy and biomechanics along with non-invasive methods for diagnosing the extent of injury, such as radiographic and arthroscopic evaluation. Various injuries are discussed in addition to useful treatment techniques, including arthroscopic reconstruction, posterolateral and posteromedial corner injury and treatment, assessment and treatment of vascular injuries, assessment and treatment of nerve injuries, rehabilitation, and post-operative results. Each of these clearly written chapters is accompanied by a wealth of line drawings and photographs that demonstrate both the surgical and non-surgical approaches to examination and treatment.

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery is a beautifully illustrated atlas describing the 18 most widely accepted minimally invasive procedures in spine surgery. Written by leaders in both neurologic and orthopedic spine surgery, this book offers the most up-to-date material and the broadest perspective on the subject. Procedures range from simple to complex and cover the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine.

Dr. Leonard Swischuk has revised his outstanding work on imaging the cervical spine in children. He draws upon his extensive experience to provide practitioners with an insightful approach to pediatric cervical spine injuries. The text covers developmental anatomy, normal variants, congenital anomalies, abnormalities of the dens, trauma, and miscellaneous abnormalities of the cervical spine. The book has several strengths that appeal to radiology residents, such as its succinct overview of the topic and helpful reference lists that guide readers to additional resources. Dr. Swischuk illustrates conditions he discusses with excellent plain film examples that help residents identify cases they are likely to encounter during board exams and in practice. Accompanying CT and MR images clarify and qualify the findings. Dr. Swischuk's direct writing style makes the complex content highly accessible, providing imaging residents with an invaluable introduction to pediatric cervical spine radiology.

Emergency Musculoskeletal Imaging in Children is a practical, concise, and easy-to-read guide to the radiologic workup of acute musculoskeletal injuries and conditions in children. The book is conveniently organized by anatomic site and covers all acute injuries and conditions of the upper and lower extremities encountered in the emergency room, outpatient clinic, and office. Close attention is also given to normal findings and anatomic variants that can mimic pathology. More than 600 MR, CT, ultrasound, and radiographic images complement the text.

The focus of this book is to create a comprehensive analysis of cartilage injury and repair strategies. Twenty chapters cover proven and emerging procedures and methodologies. Readers will be able to understand the clinical problem, appropriate diagnosis, and repair strategies relevant to first line and secondary cartilage repair procedures.

Bone Pathology is the second edition of the book, A Compendium of Skeletal Pathology that published 10 years ago. Similar to the prior edition, this book complements standard pathology texts and blends new but relatively established information on the molecular biology of the bone. Serving as a bench-side companion to the surgical pathologist, this new edition reflects new advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of bone. New chapters on soft-tissue sarcomas and soft-tissue tumors have been added as well as several additional chapters such as Soft-tissue pathology and Biomechanics. The volume is written by experts who are established in the field of musculoskeletal diseases. Bone Pathology is a combined effort from authors of different specialties including surgeons, pathologists, radiologists and basic scientists all of whom have in common an interest in bone diseases. It will be of great value to surgical pathology residents as well as practicing pathologists, skeletal radiologists, orthopedic surgeons and medical students.

Pushed by the progress of biology, technology and biomechanics, knee surgery has dramatically evolved in the last decades. This book is a "state of the art" concerning all aspects of knee surgery from ligament reconstruction to Total Knee Arthroplasty. An international panel of renowned authors have worked on this didactic fully illustrated book. It will help young surgeons to understand basic sciences and modern sugical techniques. The experienced surgeon will find help to deal with difficult cases and clarifications in recent technologic advances such as cartilage surgery, navigation and mini invasive surgery.

The purpose of this book is to define the basis of telemicrosurgery, a new discipline at the border of robotics and microsurgery. After the history of robotics and microsurgery, the robots and their instrumentation will be described. The chapters will explain the training in telemicrosurgery and then propose some experimental paradigms. The first clinical applications for various specialties will be explored. In closing, potential future applications will be discussed.

A definitive summary of novel techniques, this volume details the most current and multidisciplinary approach to new technologies used in general plastic surgery, hand surgery, peripheral nerve surgery, microsurgery, breast surgery, esthetic surgery, and trauma surgery. It also gives an overview of the most important and clinically relevant plastic surgery research. The aim is to stimulate the reader to look at future advances and applications of research and their relevance to daily clinical practice in plastic surgery. Appropriate for different sub-specialties not only in plastic surgery (breast, face, esthetic, hand, microsurgery chapters) but also in orthopedics (hand, microsurgery, nerve chapters) and neurosurgery (peripheral nerve chapter), this book will also be of great interest to trainee surgeons.

External fixation in Orthopedic traumatology is a textbook that focuses on the use of external fixation in the acute management of patients with serious orthopedic injuries. The book highlights the indications for external fixation and provides an evidenced based guide to both the specialist orthopedic surgeon and the trainee. The manuscript is organised in 15 chapters covering the indications and surgical techniques for pelvis, lower limb and upper limb injuries, including detailed illustrations and clinical photographs that will enable the reader to rapidly visualise the structure of the construct and to plan the surgery accordingly. More general topics such as damage control orthopedics, the biomechanics of external fixation and medico-legal considerations surrounding the injured patients are also included to provide an overall picture of the Orthopedic trauma patient. The Combined experience of the editors and authors, their involvement in a number of external fixation system designs and their international reputation in the field contribute to making this textbook an essential tool that should be available to all orthopedic surgeons dealing with injured patients.

Providing a state-of-the-art account of the nature, distribution and determinants of sports injury in children and adolescents, this unique volume uses the public health model to describe the scope of the injury problem and the associated risk factors and evaluate the current research on injury prevention strategies as described in the literature. Thoughtfully divided in six sections, the nature of the young athlete and epidemiology of pediatric and adolescent sports injury are described first. Then an overview of the most common types of youth sports injuries as well as more serious injuries (e.g., concussions) and outcomes is presented, followed by a discussion of injury causation and prevention. Suggestions for future research rounds out the presentation. Each chapter is illustrated with tables which make it easy to examine injury factors between studies. Throughout, the editors and contributors have taken an evidence-based approach and adopted a uniform methodology to assess the data available. Ideal for physicians, physical therapists, athletic trainers and sports scientists alike, Injury in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports concisely and accurately presents the situation faced by clinicians treating young athletes and the challenges they face in keeping up with this growing and active population. Furthermore, the information in this book will be useful to allied health researchers and sport governing bodies as an informed basis for continued epidemiological study and implementation of injury prevention initiatives designed to reduce the incidence and severity of injuries encountered by young athletes.

Comprehensive and generously illustrated, this text highlights both general principles and specific strategies for managing the spectrum of pediatric lower limb deformities. It is divided thematically into five sections, though any chapter can stand on its own to guide the clinician in specific situations. Part I covers general principles and techniques, including etiology, clinical evaluation, imaging as well as different surgical methods. Part II, covering related concepts and management options, discusses soft tissue contractures, amputations and working in austere and resource-challenged settings. Underlying conditions comprise part III - specific metabolic, neuromuscular and tumor-related conditions, along with arthrogryposis, Osteogenesis Imperfecta and various skeletal dysplasias. Part IV presents congenital and developmental disorders, such as congenital femoral deficiency, hemimelias, tibial pseudoarthrosis and Blount disease, while part V rounds out the book with chapters on sequelae related to different etiologies and their treatment. Covering all aspects of the management of pediatric lower limb deformities and written by renowned experts in the field, this textbook will be an invaluable resource for orthopedic surgeons and trainees worldwide.

This book provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the role of diagnostic imaging in the assessment and management of trauma and polytrauma in children. The coverage includes imaging of injuries to the head, thorax, abdomen, bone and musculoskeletal system, with careful attention to the newest imaging techniques, imaging during the course of recovery and imaging of complications. A series of illustrative cases underline the prognostic value of imaging. In addition, an individual chapter is devoted to diagnostic imaging in cases of child abuse. The book concludes by discussing informed consent and medicolegal issues related to the imaging of pediatric traumatic emergencies. Imaging Trauma and Polytrauma in Pediatric Patients will be invaluable in enabling radiologists and clinicians to identify the main features and signs of injuries on a wide range of imaging techniques, including X-ray, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Stress fractures are fatigue failures of bone caused by unusual or repeated stress on bone and are among the more common sports injuries encountered. Often going unreported or occasionally unnoticed, athletes run the risk of a more serious fracture if untreated. Stress Fractures in Athletes focuses on the presentation, evaluation and treatment of these injuries. Divided into two sections, the first part provides in-depth description of the pathophysiology, epidemiology and biomechanics of stress fractures, as well as a discussion of classification, imaging and some general treatment concepts. The second part expands on treatment and takes each relevant anatomical region into consideration: lumbar spine, pelvis, femur, knee, tibia, upper and lower extremities, and the ribs and shoulder girdle. A chapter on insufficiency fractures, commonly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis, is also included. As such, Stress Fractures in Athletes are a comprehensive resource for sports medicine practitioners, orthopedic surgeons, primary care physicians and physical therapists alike.

This concise digest offers a practically oriented and up-to-date overview of all subjects in pediatric surgery according to the European surgical curriculum. Additionally, interdisciplinary aspects concerning pediatrics, adult surgery, obstetrics and other disciplines working with children are considered. The tables enable quick access to indications for the operative and conservative therapy with schematic step-by-step illustrations for nearly all surgical procedures.

This book guides the reader on a rational pathway from anamnesis and clinical examination (with supporting illustrations), through radiological screening to the appropriate surgical solution. Proposed treatments and treatment results at about one year of follow-up are described in detail with the aid of intra- and postoperative photographs and radiographs. The text is limited to systematic description, and numerous references are included to the earlier parts of the book in order to clearly link the preoperative evaluation to the treatment. It is particular to the surgical correction of foot and ankle pathology that the treatment is nearly always "composite" or complex, in that it entails several separate actions. Thus, surgical correction often has one or more structural components (e.g., osteotomy, arthrodesis) and one or more functional or motor components. It is the aim of the book to explain the effect and rationale of every one of these single "actions".

In this book, leading international specialists in the field join forces to discuss topics, issues and approaches that are of key importance in the optimal treatment of lumbar degenerative disk disease. The coverage is wide ranging, from current understanding of physiopathology and genetics and modern imaging techniques through to the diverse minimally invasive, non-fusion, and fusion surgical techniques. Detailed attention is drawn to the most important aspects to be considered when approaching the patient and making treatment decisions. The role of conservative management is appraised, and surgical techniques and their indications are carefully described. In the concluding section, some of the top specialists from across the world reflect on the lessons that they have learned during lifetimes in spinal surgery. Advanced Concepts in Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease will be an instructive and fascinating source of information for all spine surgeons and other spine care providers.

Recent years have witnessed a trend toward the use of minimally invasive techniques in all areas of orthopedic surgery, including hip replacement. This book aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the use of minimally invasive surgery in total hip arthroplasty. The four commonly employed approaches - anterior, anterolateral OCM, anterolateral supine, and posterior - are described in detail with the aid of high-quality illustrations. For each approach, clear guidance is offered on patient selection, patient positioning, surgical procedure, postsurgical care, and rehabilitation. Potential complications and the advantages and disadvantages of each option are carefully weighed up, and experts also present their personal experiences, outcomes, and success rates with the different approaches. The book concludes by discussing future trends in hip arthroplasty.

The scope and importance of hip fractures is almost incomprehensible. With a world wide incidence of close to 2 million cases per year, these fractures pose a daunting challenge to our ability to affect and treat this epidemic. The incidence of these fractures is predicted to grow to 6 million in 2050 including a near term baby boom spike. Add the hospital mortality rate of up to 4% and the one mortality of from 8% to 20% and the life ending effect of these fractures becomes a glaring reality. Of those who initially survive their fracture, about 50% never walk the same again. The social problem in the care of these elderly people is enormous. Of course, any real solution to this problem will include education, prevention, surgical and hospital treatment protocols, long term rehabilitative efforts, social - justments and a generous contribution of money. This publication is primarily directed to the amplification of a new treatment modality that addresses only a fraction of the problem. It is, however, a quantum leap in the evolution of fixation with compression hip screws which are still the gold standard for surgical stabilization of pertrochanteric hip fractures. The Dynamic Martin Screw (DMS) addresses the issue of adjustability of the fixation angle with appropriate mechanical strength characteristics that were la- ing in its historical predecessors.

Femoral neck fractures occur primarily in the elderly population, and nowadays arthroplasty is chosen most frequently as a treatment solution. This illustrated atlas provides a comprehensive monograph of femoral neck fractures. It has more than 800 representative figures, x-rays and drawings, and describes in detail non-invasive internal fixation. By means of presenting minimally invasive technique step-by-step, and their own results, the aim is to persuade the reader that the ratio of complications can be remarkably diminished by urgent surgery, based on selective indication criteria.

This atlas fills a gap in the literature by documenting in detail the role of nuclear medicine imaging of infection and inflammation. The pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms on which radionuclide imaging of infection/inflammation is based are clearly explained, but the prime focus of the book is on the clinical relevance of such procedures. Their impact is demonstrated by a collection of richly illustrated teaching cases that describe the most commonly observed scintigraphic patterns, as well as anatomic variants and technical pitfalls. Due attention is paid to the application of recently developed techniques, including multimodality fusion imaging such as SPECT/CT and PET/CT. Emphasis is placed in particular on the ability of multimodality imaging to increase both the sensitivity and the specificity of radionuclide imaging. This atlas will be an excellent learning tool for residents in nuclear medicine and illuminating for other specialists with an interest in the field.

Accurate interpretation of indications for treatment is the cornerstone of success in medicine. This book carefully examines the relation between clinical features, diagnosis, and choice of minimally invasive technique for a range of spine pathologies. It explains how selection of technique is intimately related to clinical and diagnostic aspects and how recognition of this relation forms the foundation for an optimal outcome. In addition to examining the various minimally invasive options, including the latest techniques, careful attention is paid to the role of medical treatment in avoiding recurrence after initial therapy. Nerve blocks, epidural injections, and intradiscal procedures are among the many options available in the armamentarium of the interventionalist, and advice is given on their use in different contexts. This volume will be of great value for neuroradiologists and others responsible for treating patients with spine disorders.