The aim of this book is to give a short and practical account of the problems related to the ear, nose and throat. The presenta tion is orientated towards arriving at a diagnosis based on the presenting symptoms and signs and aid the management of the case. While it is specifically intended for those who have not had the opportunity of devoting much time to the subject, I hope that it may be of some service to the more experienced practitioner. Padman Ratnesar Farn boro ugh, 1984 7 Series Foreword This series of books is designed to help general practitioners. So are other books. What is unusual in this instance is their collective authorship; they are written by specialists working at district general hospitals. The writers derive their own experience from a range of cases less highly selected than those on which textbooks are traditionally based. They are also in a good position to pick out topics which they see creating diffi culties for the practitioners of their district, whose personal capacities are familiar to them; and to concentrate on contexts where mistakes are most likely to occur. They are all well accustomed to working in consultation.

In the past two decades the radiological investigation and imaging of paranasal sinus disease has been revolutionised by the introduction of two new techniques: magnetic resonance and computerised tomography. These have made the diagnosis and localisation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease a far more exact process and they have completely replaced con ventional pluridirectional tomography as a means of augmenting the initial plain radiographic examination of the paranasal sinuses. The recent introduction into clinical practice of the paramagnetic contrast agent gadolinium DTPA has extended further the range of magnetic resonance in the demonstration of naso-sinus disease. The account which follows is an attempt to summarise present knowledge in this division of otorhinolaryngology imaging. The format of the chapters has been arranged in two halves: the initial nine chapters are concerned with investigative techniques and non-neoplastic disease. while the second half of the book is entirely devoted to benign and malignant tumours. The latter chapters are arranged according to the nomenclature proposed by my two ex-colleagues. Professor I. Friedmann and the late Dr D. A. Osborn. in their book The Pathology of Granulomas and Neoplasms of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses (Churchill Livingstone. 1982)."

Historically, disorders of salivary glands tend to be 'underdiagnosed and overtreated'. In the vast body of literature on this subject, emphasis has usually been put on therapeutic modalities of various diseases of the salivary glands. Whereas therapy and pathology have been treated in numerous thorough studies, the (patho )physiology of the salivary glands has remained rather poorly understood. Even less attention has been given to the diagnostic methods. Until a few decades ago, diagnosis consisted mainly of a clinical examin ation which included the patient's history, inspection, and palpation. These methods remain crucial, but a variety of new diagnostic tools have appeared since then. Their clinical value is still subject to controversy; each method has its advocates and opponents. The indications for enrolling a patient at a given point in a series of diagnostic procedures are interpreted differently. One of the most striking examples is the use of sialography. This has become a classic diagnostic procedure. Although sialography is still a useful method, it has considerable disadvantages, limitations, and even contraindications. In the major teaching hospitals, residents still tend to consider sialography as a panacea for the majority of their diagnostic problems, whereas the infor mation provided is actually rather restricted. Other modern methods such as CT and MRI have taken over the role of sialography to a certain extent. This also applies to ultrasonography and scintigraphy. Moreover, microbiol ogy, sialometry, sialochemistry, cytology, and histopathology may give super ior information in certain cases."

In their preface, the authors highlight the great social and medical importance of hearing loss in the elderly, an ever-increasing prob lem. It is, therefore, most appropriate that a monograph, devoted to research in this field, features as an addition to the Bloomsbury Series in Clinical Science. Written by two leading authorities, the book reviews the past and present literature, details the clinical aspects and considers the electrophysiological and histopatho logical issues basic to the overall problem. It continues the high standard and excellence fostered by previous issues in the Series. London, August 1990 Jack Tinker Preface The number of very old people in the community is steadily increasing so the hearing loss that many of them endure has become a disorder of social and medical importance. Only by a greater scientific knowledge of old age deafness can there be any possibility for improvement in the care offered to its sufferers.

This manual is conceived as an aid to AO course participants both in grasping theoretical principles and in performing practical exercises, as well as a practical guide for clinicians in the application of AO principles. These principles are discussed in Part I and related to notions of stability, biomechanics, and technique. In addition to interfragmentary fixation and load bearing, the technique of external fixation is explained. The use of rigid external fixators with the mandible is proposed as a replacement for pin fixation, which has been obsolete for over two decades. Part II is a practical guide to the theoretical principles set forth in the first section of the volume, with the focus on case studies classified according to fracture type. This section provides a solid empirical basis of particular value in establishing indications and selecting appropriate techniques. Equally important is the anatomy of surgical points of access. In Part III, the increasing variety of indications for rigid internal fixation is confirmed. Three areas take on particular relevance here: the surgical treatment of pseudarthrosis, the by-pass of primary defects as an integral part of mandibular tumor surgery, and sagittal splinting and condylar replacement for orthopedic interventions involving the locomotor system of the mandible. A foldout entitled "AO Classification of Mandibular Fractures" is inserted at the back of the book. Its purpose is to help the clinician confronted by an acute case to determine its classification.

The present book arose from a conference on Speech Motor Dynamics in Stuttering held at the University of Nijmegen in Nijmegen, the Netherlands from June 13-15, 1985. The conference was organized on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Department of Speech Pathology of the University Hospital. The topic selected for the conference and now developed within this book, Speech Motor Dynamics in Stuttering, was judged to be particularly timely and especially relevant to an emerging body of work on stuttering. For over ten years there had been no confer ences that brought together researchers who have worked on stuttering from perspectives stressing the dynamics of motor processes. Yet during that time major changes have occurred in research on stuttering which signify a growing level of scientific maturity within the problem area. This book attempts to character ize a number of major trends in research on speech motor processes in stuttering. There has been a lessening in the postulation of causes of stuttering in the form of global hypothesis which have tenuous ties to empi rical data. New ideas about speech motor processes in stuttering have been stimulated by researchers who have done productive work on more general issues of motor control. This book therefore directs our attention to a number of models of speech production which are relevant to stuttering."

Microdialysis is a minimally invasive method which enables continuous monitoring of parameters in the extracellular space of various tissues. It has been investigated in animal models for over a decade, and many publications have provided insight into its advantages and disadvantages. However, in spite of its enormous potential for revealing metabolic processes in normal and pathological tissue, microdialysis in humans is still in its infancy. Clinical neurointensive medicine nowadays demands much more than conventional monitoring methods. As already shown by jugular bulb measurements of oxygen and lactate, in the future clinicians will want to have access to continuous neurochemical information from the patient. This information could be used to prevent those enigmatic secondary lesions which play such a negative role in neurointensive medicine, or at least enable treatment of them at an early stage. The extensive information now available from the laboratory would help with the interpretation of clinical analogues. In the University Clinic of Neurosurgery in Basel we have been involved in the field of micro dialytic monitoring for several years and have recognised the problems, both technical and ethical, which are involved in taking the difficult step from animal experiments to clinical application. In 1994 we thought that research on clinical microdialysis had reached the stage which would enable scientists and clinicians to have many fruitful discussions.

Tinnitus - the perception of sound in the ear, in the absence of external sound - affects around 250 million people worldwide. It occurs in adults as well as in children, in war veterans and factory workers, in classical musicians, rockstars, and disc jockeys. Consequently, a history of recreational, occupational, and firearm noise exposure may all be associated with an increased likelihood of acquiring tinnitus.
Being a subjective phenomenon, tinnitus is difficult to measure, though, in the past decade, it has become the subject of intensive scientific research. Research in neuroscience has revealed how tinnitus is generated by the brain when hearing loss occurs, and this research has played a part in helping us understand the cause, diagnosis, and treatment of this disorder.
The Neuroscience of Tinnitus reviews our current knowledge of the neural substrates of tinnitus. It draws heavily on the author's own extensive work in this field, and is divided into two parts, the first focusing on human models, the second on animal models. The book describes the search for the neural mechanisms that underlie the amplification process resulting in tinnitus, and ways to manage its maladaptive side effects. Based on over 1000 references and the author's own experience, both of tinnitus and the research into its mechanisms, this book is the most comprehensive single-author book on the market. It is a valuable reference source for auditory neuroscientists, and also to those in the fields of audiology, psychology, neurology, and otolaryngology.

Management of salivary disorders encompasses a broad array of diseases, both benign and malignant. To better demonstrate the evolution of this field and its diagnostic and therapeutic management, the contents of this book have been organized to reflect the diverse nature of salivary gland anatomy, physiology, and dysfunction in various states of disease. This text first addresses practical office-based diagnostic approaches. It continues with congenital and acquired salivary dysfunction, including the goals for restoration of gland function. The third portion of this book provides detailed information on assessment and therapy for benign and malignant tumors of the major and minor salivary glands. Each chapter is authored by internationally known authorities in this field. Illustrative photographs and sketches are included in each chapter, to demonstrate the disorders and surgical techniques described. In summary, this comprehensive book serves as a useful reference and practical manual for clinicians dealing with salivary gland disorders. Whether as an introductory or advanced reference text, the reader will find that this book fulfills an important role in the management of salivary gland diseases.

This comprehensive and detailed text deals with the diagnosis and surgery of blepharoptosis and will benefit any practicing physician, fellow or resident dealing with the malady. It includes 200 illustrations, 150 in color.

Prepare your graduate students for their careers in audiology with Katz's Handbook of Clinical Audiology, Seventh Edition. This go-to resource was developed by an unsurpassed team of editors and authors, whose expertise in research and clinical practice spans all core areas of clinical audiology. Packed with new research, relevant case studies, and today's best practices, the Seventh Edition has been extensively revised and updated throughout and features six all-new chapters, updated research, a streamlined table of contents, and new online teaching and learning resources to save you time and help your students succeed. Instructor Resources: NEW! A Test Bank with 460 questions to make creating exams faster and easier NEW! Chapter by chapter image bank containing over 340 images great for creating personalized course material. Student Resources: NEW! On-line case studies that bring audiology concepts to life. Expanded References and Additional Readings that facilitate further exploration of topics of interest. eBook available for purchase

Dieses Buch entstand aus den Referaten und Rundtischgesprachen anlasslich des 6. Hennig Symposiums im November 2006 in Berlin. Die Beitrage wurden von erfahrenen Medizinern unter Berucksichtigung der zahlreichen Fragen und Anregungen vieler Kongressteilnehmer verfasst. Sie geben einen aktuellen Uberblick uber wesentliche Themen aus der Innenohrbiologie, der Diagnostik, dem Management und uber die speziellen Behandlungsverfahren wieder.

Besondere Beachtung findet der interdisziplinare Ansatz der Beitrage fur die Arbeit an Storungen des Gleichgewichtssinns. Innovative Behandlungs- und Rehabilitationsmoglichkeiten bei Gleichgewichtsstorungen, wie z. B. Neurofeedback werden aufgezeigt und aktuelle diagnostische Methoden bei Schwindel insbesondere Attackenschwindel wiedergegeben. Ausfuhrliche Beitrage zu den Otolithenorganen, deren Storung und Funktionsweise runden dieses Buch ab."

Introduction to Aural Rehabilitation, Third Edition provides comprehensive preparation for future audiology and speech-language pathology professionals to serve children and adults with hearing loss. The information is presented in a logical and readable sequence by first introducing the nature of aural rehabilitation, and then discussing considerations for children, adults, and older adults with impaired hearing. This thoroughly updated third edition includes the latest research and findings for each chapter topic: from hearing aid technology, non-hearing aid assistive technology, cochlear implant surgery and benefits, to techniques in speech and language development on behalf of children with impaired hearing and techniques for adult aural rehabilitation. Each chapter is authored by internationally recognized authorities on the topics of working with those with impaired hearing, hearing aids for children and adults, the influence of hearing impairment on communication, family counseling, educational management, cochlear implantation, and many others. Introduction to Aural Rehabilitation highlights the most important clinical and practical aspects of providing aural rehabilitation services, while avoiding the technical detail of theoretical texts. Key Features Contributions from more than 15 experts in the field of aural rehabilitation Chapter outlines begin each chapter and highlight key topics 15+ appendices with materials and scales for communication assessments New to the Third Edition All chapters have been significantly revised, including updated and expanded references The latest information on cochlear implantation for children, surgical procedures and benefits, hearing aids, and non-hearing aid assistive listening devices Updated end-of-chapter study questions for use as test materials or as quizzes to test student retention of information Access to a PluralPlus companion website with PowerPoint lecture slides for each chapter provided to assist instructors in their teaching of the material

Doctors Pellet, Cannoni and Pech have joined forces to write a masterly work on the subject of otoneurosurgery and tumors of the base of the skull. The anatomic illustrations, derived from their meticulous dissections, are of excellent quality and a credit to the famed tradition of French neuroanatomists of the past. It is evident that the operative techniques described by these surgeons indicate that they have spent a great deal of time in the dissecting-room and that they have completely mastered the temporal bone. A perfect knowledge of the fundamental anatomy of the petrous bone is essential before embarking on the difficult surgical procedures in this region of the brain and base of the skull. Reading this work makes it abundantly clear that the results of this type of sur gery are vastly improved when neurosurgeons and otologists combine their skills. Each of these specialists brings his unique experience and entire knowledge to the operation for the greater benefit of the patient. We wish to congratulate Doctors Pellet, Cannoni and Pech on the publication of this excellent work. March 1990 William F. House, MD William E. Hitselberger, MD Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Anatomy .. 5 The Petrous Pyramid 7 TIle Petrous Cortex 7 Surfaces 8 14 Base ....... .

The vestibular labyrinth consists of ? ve compartments: the lateral, anterior, and posterior semicircular canals, the utricule, and the saccule. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Robert Barany proposed the caloric test as a clinical test of the lateral semicircular canal. This test enabled clinicians to assess the individual lateral semicircular canal function easily by using the simple method of irrigating the external ear canal with cold or warm water and observing the induced nyst- mus. We believe that the caloric test was a breakthrough in the ? eld of vestibular research. However, as far as the other compartments were concerned, there was no simple clinical test equal to the caloric test for the lateral semicircular canal function. At the end of the twentieth century, the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test was proposed as a new method for assessing the individual saccule function. This test has some unique attributes. First, it uses sound stimulation, even though it is a test of the vestibular system. This appears to be a contradiction n- rophysiologically. As a result, in its early stages there were controversies conce- ing the origin of the responses. However, such controversies have been overcome by basic neurophysiological studies and clinical studies. Above all, sound sensit- ity of the saccular afferents shown in cats and guinea pigs with single-unit recording methods became the main supporting evidence. Nowadays, VEMP is one of the routine clinical tests for balance disorder."

Written by leading American practitioners, the Oxford American Handbooks of Medicine each offer a pocket-sized overview of an entire specialty, featuring instant access to guidance on the conditions that are most likely to be encountered. Precise and prescriptive, the handbooks offer up-to-date advice on examination, investigations, common procedures, and in-patient care. These books will be invaluable resources for residents and students, as well as a useful reference for practitioners. Part of the most popular medical handbook series in the world, the Oxford American Handbook of Otolaryngology is a dependable manual geared for ultra-quick reference any time. It is comprehensive enough to serve as a mini-text, yet it is thin and light and uses concise, bulleted text, quick reference tabs, four-color presentation, and bookmark ribbons to help provide fast answers on the ward. Written by an acclaimed team of authors, this Handbook presents information in a succinct, comprehensive, and affordable volume in the proven format of the Oxford Handbook Series.

Written by recognized international experts, Laryngeal and Tracheobronchial Stenosis provides practicing professionals with an up-to-date, accessible reference text for managing stenosis of the larynx, trachea or bronchi. The editors have treated a significant number of patients with this condition and have collected objective and scientifically validated outcome measures, thus establishing a balanced and scientific approach to literature review and the material presented. This text aims to provide guidance, based upon a body of evidence, to enable readers to make informed decisions on management options. Laryngeal and Tracheobronchial Stenosis covers new topics applicable to all populations, such as: Objective outcomes assessment - a new field that has largely developed through the editors' efforts. The worldwide shift in a surgical emphasis toward endoscopic and office-based procedures. The development of new tracheal replacement techniques. New diseases that have emerged and disease management. Clinically-accessible, significant background bodies of knowledge on histopathology and physiology.

Sataloff’s Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology (Six Volume Set) is a multi-volume textbook covering basic and clinical science across the entire field of otolaryngology.   Volumes in the set include; otology, neurotology and skull-based surgery; rhinology, allergy and immunology; facial plastic and reconstructive surgery; laryngology; head and neck surgery; and paediatric otolaryngology. The full set is enhanced by over 5000 full colour images and illustrations, spanning nearly 6000 pages, complete with a comprehensive index on DVD.   Edited by Robert T Sataloff from Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, each volume includes contributions from internationally recognised experts in otolaryngology, ensuring authoritative content throughout. Sataloff’s Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology (Six Volume Set) is an indispensable, in-depth guide to the field for all otolaryngology practitioners.   Key Points Six-volume set covering the entire field of otolaryngology Volumes include otology/neurotology, rhinology, plastic surgery, laryngology, head and neck surgery, and paediatric otolaryngology Over 5000 full colour images and illustrations across six volumes Edited by Robert T Sataloff, with contributions from internationally recognised  otolaryngology experts

The one-stop guide to microsurgical and endoscopic treatment of skull base lesions from global experts A deep knowledge of regional anatomy, improved understanding of pathologies and their behaviors, technological advances, and multidisciplinary collaboration have led to more effective treatments for once inoperable skull base lesions. Microsurgical and Endoscopic Approaches to the Skull Base: Anatomy, Tactics, and Techniques by renowned skull base neurosurgeons Luis A. B. Borba and Jean G. de Oliveira presents a balanced, anatomy-based perspective on microsurgical and endoscopic approaches to manage these highly challenging lesions. The text leverages the best current scientific literature on this topic and insights from global skull base surgery experts. Organized into 9 sections and 52 chapters, the book starts with discussion of microsurgical and endoscopic instrumentation and neurophysiological monitoring. The subsequent sections cover diverse approaches for skull base lesions involving the sphenoid and parasellar, orbit, anterior fossa, cavernous sinus, temporal bone and jugular foramen, and foramen magnum regions. Each of these sections starts with an introduction, followed by a microsurgical description of the anatomy of the impacted region. Key Highlights Contributions from an impressive group of internationally renowned neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists specializing in skull base pathologies Indications, preoperative and postoperative concerns, nuances, pitfalls, tactics, techniques, and references for further reading provide a comprehensive guide to treatment A stepwise description of the approach, high-quality four-color drawings, and illustrative cases facilitate acquisition and retention of knowledge High-quality figures provide greater visual insights and step-by-step guidance on how to perform specific procedures This unique textbook will help residents, fellows, and practitioners in neurosurgery and otolaryngology make an evidenced-based decision on using the most effective microsurgical and/or endoscopic approach to achieve the best outcomes in patients with skull base lesions. This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

The definitive state-of-the-art resource on pediatric endoscopic endonasal approaches Today, expanded endonasal approaches (EEA) have revolutionized the surgical treatment paradigm for pediatric central skull base lesions. Specially adapted micro-instruments have been developed to permit passage through the narrow sinonasal pathways in children, enabling access to the entire midline skull base, from the crista galli to the cervico-medullary junction. Pediatric Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery by Harminder Singh, Jeffrey Greenfield, Vijay Anand, and Theodore Schwartz is the first textbook focused solely on endoscopic endonasal management of cranial base pathologies in children. The book reflects in-depth expertise from an extraordinary group of international contributors from five continents, who share extensive knowledge on this emerging field. Thirty chapters are presented in three comprehensive sections. Key Features Core topics including anatomy, rhinological and anesthetic considerations, patient positioning and OR set-up, instrumentation, and endonasal corridors and approaches Fifteen chapters detail endoscopic treatment of a full spectrum of pediatric pathologies, such as craniopharyngioma, meningoencephalocele, basilar invagination, and benign and malignant tumors, among others Discussion of multiple skull-base closure techniques, managing complications, and neurosurgical and otolaryngological postoperative care Visually rich, the succinct text is enhanced with more than 200 high-quality surgical illustrations and intraoperative photographs, as well as procedural videos This unique reference is essential reading for neurosurgical and otolaryngology residents and fellows, as well as veteran surgeons, nurse-practitioners, and physician-assistants who treat and care for pediatric patients with skull-base conditions. This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Tinnitus and oversensitivity to sound are common and hitherto incurable, distressing conditions that affect a substantial number of the population. Pawel Jastreboff's discovery of the mechanisms by which tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance occur has led to a new and effective treatment called Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT). Audiologists, ENT specialists, psychologists and counsellors around the world currently practise this technique, with very high success rates. TRT, the treatment developed by the authors from the model, has already proved to be the most effective and most widely practised worldwide. This book presents a definitive description and justification for the Jastreboff neurophysiological model of tinnitus, outlining the essentials of TRT, reviewing the research literature justifying their claims, and providing an expert critique of other therapeutic practices.

Hearing Impairment - An Invisible Disability is the first work of its kind to comprehensively cover all aspects of hearing impairment. It covers the following categories through more than 100 contributions from all over the world to constitute an encyclopedia of hearing impairment:

- Hearing Basics: What does hearing impairment mean? Its causes and effects are explained through many real-world examples.

- Children: Childhood is a time when hearing impairment often begins, so proper treatment at an early stage can help alleviate difficulties and allow for as normal a life as possible. Many case studies from both the developed and developing parts of the world, including Indonesia and Latin America in the latter category, are provided to aid comprehension.

- Hearing Aids: Through newly emerging technology and with the help of electronics companies, new and affordable hearing aids are being developed and marketed. The authors take a closer look at this burgeoning field.

- Medical Aspects: Medical treatment of hearing impairment has recently shown remarkable change, manifested in improved techniques and applications all over the world. Although mainly of relevance to researchers and practicing physicians, the clear explanation of the medical and technical terminology is likely to be of interest to all concerned with the future of hearing impairment.

- Social and International Help: With a wealth of assistance from individuals, NGOs, and international organizations specifically tailored to help the hearing impaired, those in need of guidance can gain confidence from the knowledge that substantial support is available to help them pursue a full and varied life.

The growing emphasis on evidence-based practice has increased the importance of using clinical studies for empirical demonstration of the efficacy of clinical interventions. As a result, speech-language pathologists and audiologists must be well-versed in research methods and statistical analysis. In fact, a demonstrated knowledge of statistics (including a stand-alone course in statistics) is a requirement of ASHA certification effective September 1, 2014. Statistical Methods and Reasoning for the Clinical Sciences is the ideal textbook to meet the need for a solid understanding of statistics for communication sciences and disorders. The author clearly defines and illustrates the foundational concepts of statistics, including statistical vocabulary, population parameters, sampling methods, and descriptive methods like measures, correlation, and regression. Emphasis is placed on the topic of probability because a firm grasp of the probabilistic approach is essential for any clinician to generate a precise diagnosis.The readers of this textbook will: Comprehend how clinical research reflects a series of steps that conform with the scientific method of problem solving (observation, hypothesis formation, hypothesis testing, verification, and evaluation). Appreciate the importance of including rationales in a research study that entail three interrelated tasks: description (why it was done), explanation (what was done and to whom), contextualization (how the results relate to other bodies of knowledge). Distinguish between "statistical significance" and "clinical significance." Value the importance of scientific literacy as a major ingredient of evidence practice. With its comprehensive scope and timely content Statistical Methods and Reasoning for the Clinical Sciences is the ideal text for students of communication sciences and disorders who wish to engage in truly evidence-based practice.

This book presents a 'Traveller's Guide' to Deaf Culture, starting from the premise that Deaf cultures have an important contribution to make to other academic disciplines, and human lives in general. Within and outside Deaf communities, there is a need for an account of the new concept of Deaf culture, which enables readers to assess its place alongside work on other minority cultures and multilingual discourses. The book aims to assess the concepts of culture, on their own terms and in their many guises and to apply these to Deaf communities. The author illustrates the pitfalls which have been created for those communities by the medical concept of 'deafness' and contrasts this with his new concept of "Deafhood", a process by which every Deaf child, family and adult implicitly explains their existence in the world to themselves and each other.

This book addresses the central problem of music cognition: how listeners' responses move beyond mere registration of auditory events to include the organization, interpretation, and remembrance of these events in terms of their function in a musical context of pitch and rhythm. Equally important, the work offers an analysis of the relationship between the psychological organization of music and its internal structure. Combining over a decade of original research on music cognition with an overview of the available literature, the work will be of interest to cognitive and physiological psychologists, psychobiologists, musicians, music researchers, and music educators. The author provides the necessary background in experimental methodology and music theory so that no specialized knowledge is required for following her major arguments.