Sarnoff's Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Climate Change is packed with varied perspectives and essential information and is therefore a very useful guide for anyone interested in IP and climate change (and beyond!). To have all this packed tightly into one book is a great thing. I m quite pleased to have it on my bookshelf.' - Eric Lane, Green Patent Blog Written by a global group of leading scholars, this wide-ranging Research Handbook provides insightful analysis, useful historical perspective, and a point of reference on the controversial nexus of climate change law and policy, intellectual property law and policy, innovation policy, technology transfer, and trade. The contributors provide a unique review of the scientific background, international treaties, and political and institutional contexts of climate change and intellectual property law. They further identify critical conflicts and differences of approach between developed and developing countries. Finally they put forward and analyze the relevant intellectual property law doctrines and policy options for funding, developing, disseminating, and regulating the required technologies and their associated activities and business practices. The book will serve as a resource and reference tool for scholars, policymakers and practitioners looking to understand the issues at the interface of intellectual property and climate change. Contributors: P. Ala'i, C. de Avila Plaza, D. Borges Barbosa, P. Bifani, M.A. Carrier, M.W. Carroll, J.L. Contreras, C.M. Correa, E. Derclaye, P. Drahos, C.H. Farley, S. Ferrey, S.E. Gaines, D.A. Gantz, D.J. Gervais, D. Hunter, The International Council on Human Rights Policy, D.S. Levine, C.R. McManis, R.K. Musil, S.K. Sandeen, J.D. Sarnoff, D. Shabalala, G. Tansey, B. Tuncak, J.M. Urban, D. Vivas-Eugui, H. Wang, P.K. Yu

Buying and Clearing Rights is the first work to consider the difficulties of rights clearances in all forms of media. It offers practical advice on how to plan, clear and pay for rights. Covering such areas as co-production and the co-financing of contracts, multimedia, text, pictures, footage, software, moral rights and production paperwork, this book will be of use to producers, directors, suppliers of creative material and distributors as well as academics and media studies students.

A much-anticipated new edition of this acclaimed work on intellectual property (IP) in its global context. With intelligent and insightful coverage of IP law from international and comparative perspectives this second edition has been thoroughly revised and expanded. This unique textbook presents the main IP rights, identifying their basic features and tracing their evolution up to the present day by reference to statutes, cases and international treaties. Examining the evolving activities in the international arena, especially debates and new IP rules concerning or impinging on creativity and innovation, consumer choice, trade, economics, social welfare and culture, this innovative textbook considers how these activities interact with developments at regional and domestic levels. Key Features include: Presentation of IP law in a global context, uniquely organised by theme as opposed to by type of IPR for accessibility and ease of learning a comprehensive commentary guiding students through international, regional and comparative IP law examination of the impact of IP on the international stage an interdisciplinary approach considering the global influence of IP in respect of trade, development, law, economics, technology, human rights and biological and cultural diversity, providing readers with extensive knowledge of IP law's reach A key resource for IP courses with a global outlook, Dutfield and Suthersanen on Global Intellectual Property Law will also be of great interest to a number of global institutions. Acclaim for the first edition: 'Dutfield and Suthersanen have skillfully captured in one concise volume all the important things you need to know about international intellectual property law. The materials are accessible, timely, methodically presented and at times critical. The book's detailed, in-depth and comparative analyses provide helpful insights into the increasingly complex international intellectual property system. Global Intellectual Property Law is not only an effective textbook for students interested in the subject, but a desktop companion for policymakers and professionals who need a quick and up-to-date overview of global intellectual property issues.' - Peter K. Yu, Drake University, US and Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China

Artificial intelligence (AI) now infiltrates our culture. After a couple of difficult winters, AI today is a word on everybody's lips, and it attracts everyone's attention regardless of whether they are experts or not. From Apple's Siri to Amazon's Alexa, Tesla's auto-driving cars to facial recognition systems in CCTV cameras, Netflix's film offering services to Google's search engine, we live in a world of AI goods. The advent of AI-powered technologies increasingly affects people's lives across the globe. As a tool for productivity and cost-efficiency, AI also shapes our economy and welfare. AI-generated designs and works are becoming more popular. Today, AI technologies can generate several intellectual creations. Fashion is one of the industries that AI can profoundly impact. AI tools and devices are currently being used in the fashion industry to create fashion models, fabric and jewellery designs, and clothing. When we talk about AI-generated designs, we instead focus on the fruits of innovation - more best-selling apparels, more fashionable designs and more fulfilment of customer expectations - without paying heed to who the designer is. Designers invest a lot of talent, time and finances into designing and creating each article of clothing and accessory before they release their work to the public. Pattern drafting is the first and most important step in dressmaking. Designers typically start with a general sketch on paper; add styles, elements and colours; revise and refine everything; and finally deliver their design to dressmakers. AI accelerates this time-consuming and labour-intensive process. Yet the full legal consequences of AI in fashion industry are often forgotten. An AI device's ability to generate fashion designs raises the question of who will own intellectual property rights over the fashion designs. Will it be the fashion designer who hires or contracts with the AI programmer? Will it be the programmer? Will it be the AI itself? Or will it be a joint work of humans and computers? And who will be liable for infringement deriving from use of third-party material in AI-generated fashion designs? This book explores answers to these questions within the framework of EU design and copyright laws. It also crafts a solution proposal based on a three-step test and model norms, which could be used to unleash the authors, rights holders and infringers around AI-generated fashion designs.

It has often been said that information is power. This is more true in the information age than ever. The book profiles the tools used by criminal law to protect confidential information. It deals with the essence of information, the varieties of confidential information, and the basic models for its protection within the context of the Internet and social networks. Eli Lederman examines the key prohibitions against collecting protected information, and against using, disclosing, and disseminating it without authorization. The investigation cuts across a broad subject matter to discuss and analyze key topics such as trespassing and peeping, the human body as a source of information, computer trespassing, tracking and collecting personal information in the public space, surveillance, privileged communications, espionage and state secrets, trade secrets, personal information held by others, and profiling and sexting. Infocrime will appeal to graduate and undergraduate scholars and academics in the legal arena, in law schools and schools of communication, and to practicing lawyers with an interest in legal theory and a concern for the protection of the personal realm in a world of increasingly invasive technologies.

To a large extent, the global proliferation of IP laws in general and the development of Chinese IP law in particular can be described in terms of legal transplants. This remarkable book edited by Nari Lee, Niklas Bruun and Mingde Li is breaking new ground in the study of these phenomena. First, it provides a thorough theoretical introduction to legal transplants and the concept of governance. Second, it assembles case studies concerning timely topics in copyright, patent, and trade mark law, which illuminate that China is as well a 'norm-taker' as it increasingly becomes a 'norm-maker'. The studies are mostly written jointly by Chinese and non-Chinese authors. This pioneering approach brings together the two perspectives that are also pertinent in the process of transplantation, indigenization and transformation of IP laws. The collection thereby sets a new standard in the study of comparative IP law. It is an indispensable resource for everyone interested in Chinese and European IP law.' - Alexander Peukert, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany'Governance of Intellectual Property Rights in China and Europe is a timely analysis of the ongoing transformation of China, from a manufacturing to a knowledge-based economy, mirrored in the transplant, application and evolution of its IP laws. The book is even more remarkable as the contributions are written to a great extent in co-authorship by Chinese and European scholars, providing a unique blend of opinions and legal comparative analysis on the subject. An exciting and thought-provoking volume!' - Stefan Luginbuehl, PhD, Attorney at Law, Lawyer at the European Patent Office Intellectual property (IP) law has been widely discussed in recent scholarship, though many recent works explore the topic from a largely descriptive perspective. This book provides an analytical and comparative study of Chinese and European IP law, as well as an analysis of system reforms in China. The book highlights, in three parts, intellectual property for innovation and creativity in China, comparing concepts and norms in Chinese and European IP law, and governance of practices and IP enforcement. Demonstrating that the governance of IP rights requires the adoption of a set of norms, the contributors also argue that success is dependent on a transformation of the perspectives and implementation. Students and scholars of IP law, and Chinese IP law in particular, will find this book to be a valuable resource to their work. It will also be of interest to IP practitioners looking for an insight into system reforms in China. Contributors include: D.O. Acquah, R.M. Ballardini, N. Bruun, Y. Guan, K. He, K. Larson, N. Lee, M. Li, Y. Li, M. Oker-Blom, B.P.-W. Liu, L. Tammenlehto, W. Wu, P.K. Yu, L. Zhang, Q.-S. Zhao, Y. Zhao, L. Zhou

The comprehensive research review discusses some of the most important and influential articles published on the history of intellectual property. The seminal works encompass a broad variety of specific legal fields, periods and methodological perspectives. It focuses on the three main subfields of intellectual property: patent, copyright and trademark law. This important research review will be of a great interest to legal historians, economic historians and anyone interested in intellectual property and its history.

The great virtue of this work is found in its excellent structure. The first part provides a neat introductory road map for fundamental trade secrets concepts, then considers the TRIPS obligation, the trade secret law of the United States with well explained sections on trade secrets in business transactions, employment relations, enforcement and litigation, government secrets and data exclusivity. The second part provides country overviews with sections for common law and civil law countries and the appendices examine aspects of the proposed EU Directive. This is a comprehensive, sensible, practical, intelligently balanced, thoroughly researched and well written work that will be of real value to anyone interested in this increasingly important area of commercial law.' - Ping Xiong, University of South Australia'This book makes a remarkable contribution to the understanding of the legal foundations and main features of trade secret law in several jurisdictions. It also provides useful guidance to deal with practical issues concerning trade secrets protection. While carefully addressing the balance between the protection of private interests and the principles of free competition, the book examines recent initiatives to fight cyber-espionage and their implications for the configuration of trade secrets law, the enforcement of rights and professional practice.' - Carlos M. Correa, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina Trade secret protection has long been of critical strategic importance to business interests and globalization of commerce has driven an increasing need to govern the preservation of confidentiality in international business transactions. This book offers an authoritative and unparalleled resource on US and international trade secret law and identifies optimal practices for securing trade secrets in varying jurisdictions. Defined as the international standard for trade secret protection, the United States' trade secret laws are explained in depth, illustrating their capacity and impediments. The proposed EU Trade Secret Directive and the impact this will have on international transactions is also closely examined, along with overviews of the laws in common law, civil law and mixed-law countries. The book combines detailed substantive analysis with clear practical guidance on questions such as how businesses can avoid misappropriation and maintain data exclusivity when engaging in global commerce, through the utilization of alternative self-help strategies. Key features: - Presents a roadmap for understanding trade secrets, including requirements for, defences to, and remedies. - Covers both business-to-business and employment relationships. - Authoritative commentary on US and EU trade secrecy laws in addition to coverage of the UK, India, China, Mexico, Brazil, Canada and Japan. - Dependable analysis from two leading scholars in the field. - Practical advice on overcoming the challenges businesses face when engaging in international transactions, including strategies for avoiding misappropriation. - Clear guidance on enforcement mechanisms and litigation procedure. This well-organized reference work will benefit legal practitioners in the commercial field across many jurisdictions, particularly those advising on business transactions or implementing protection strategies for trade information. Policymakers will find the definition of trade secret law characteristics for multiple countries, alongside the consideration of the proposed EU Trade Secret Directive, pragmatic and informative.

Intellectual property (IP) is a key component of the life sciences, which is becoming one of the most dynamic and innovative fields of technology today. At the same time, the relationship between IP and the life sciences is raising new public policy dilemmas. The Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and the Life Sciences comprises contributions by leading experts from academia and industry that confront current debates and controversies at the intersection of IP and the life sciences through in-depth analyses of key topics including pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and genes, plant innovations, stem cells, the role of competition law and access to medicines. The first section of this book highlights the importance of IP for medicines and pharmaceuticals, discussing topics including gene patents, and the second section deals with agricultural sector issues such as plant innovations. The third section of the book covers areas of research and development in the life sciences, such as stem cell research, and raises questions about incorporating ethical considerations into patent law. While the primary focus of the book is on Europe and the United States, the fourth section includes country-specific case studies on Australia, Brazil, China, India, Japan, Kenya, South Africa and Thailand to provide a truly international perspective. This Research Handbook is written in an accessible style that will appeal to intellectual property law scholars, practitioners and experts in the life sciences who are interested in the legal implications of IP for the life sciences. Contributors include: J. Allred, T. Avafia, C. Chiarolla, D. Degen, J.M. Golden, S. Gosh, M. Graf, J. Harrington, A. Heinemann, M.D. Janis, M. Kock, D. Matthews, C.R. McManis, A. Metzger, T. Minssen, C. Mund, P. Paranagua, A. Plomer, S. Ragavan, M. Rimmer, C. Seitz, T. Takenaka, G. Van Overwalle, D. Wachter, G. Wurtenberger, Z. Xinfeng, B. Yagi, B. Yao, H. Zech

This remarkable book covers the impact of human rights on intellectual property law in the most comprehensive review ever undertaken. It is destined to influence the future development of this field and constitutes an essential resource for both scholars and practitioners.' - Jerome H. Reichman, Duke University School of Law, US'Professor Geiger has assembled an extraordinary group of leading legal scholars, human rights lawyers, judges, and international civil servants to provide comprehensive, up-to-the-minute coverage of all the major issues implicated by the interaction between human rights and intellectual property. This volume will be required reading for anyone interested in this increasingly important topic.' - Beebe Barton, New York University School of Law, US 'Intellectual property law draws boundaries around human creativity. In doing so it intersects with the principles and values of the human rights tradition. In this remarkable volume, Professor Christophe Geiger has brought together a great team of scholars to explore this intersection. The result is a Research Handbook that is comprehensive in its coverage of jurisdictions, issues and debates. It is an indispensable starting point for researchers wishing to understand the field and its many topics.' - Peter Drahos, Australian National University and Queen Mary University of London, UK Research Handbook on Human Rights and Intellectual Property is a comprehensive reference work on the intersection of human rights and intellectual property law. Resulting from a field-specific expertise of over 40 scholars and professionals of world renown, the book explores the practical and doctrinal implications of human rights considerations on intellectual property law and jurisprudence. The various chapters of the book scrutinize issues related to interactions among and between norms of different legal families and the role of human rights in the development of a balanced intellectual property legal framework. The innovative approach of the book is reflected in its structure: the first part provides a foundation for the human rights and intellectual property discourse; the second sheds light on the human rights implications for the development of intellectual property; and the third (characterized by a human rights perspective) is devoted to the specific issues of interaction between human rights and intellectual property. Exploring in depth a variety of interactions between human rights and intellectual property law, the book will be of great interest to academics and experts working within human rights, intellectual property, development, international relations and international public law. Contributors include: A. Abdel-Latif, T. Aplin, C. Avila Plaza, D.B. Barbosa, A.Brown, C. Chiarolla, J. Christoffersen, C.M. Correa, T. Dreier, P. Ducoulombier, L.Falcon, S. Farran, S. Frankel, D. Gangjee, M. Ganzhorn, C. Geiger, D. Gervais, G. Ghidini, J. Griffiths, H. Grosse Ruse-Khan, L.R. Helfer, P. von Kapff, A. Kupzok, J.D. Lipton, D. Matthews, T. Mylly, A. Peukert, A. Plomer, J.M. Samuels, M. Senftleben, X. Seuba, C. Sganga, R. Smith, A. Stazi, T. Takenaka, C. Trautmann, D. Voorhoof, C. Waelde, H. Wager, J. Watal, G. Westkamp, P.K. Yu

This title flows from several panels at the Commission on Legal Pluralism Jubilee Conference, entitled Living Realities of Legal Pluralism, that was organised in conjunction with the Centre for Legal and Applied Research (CLEAR), the Research Chair in Customary Law and the Chair for Comparative Law in Africa, of the University of Cape Town. The panels highlighted controversial aspects of the legal protection of indigenous knowledge with which the contributors to this volume have critically engaged. This engagement is informed by recent legislative and policy developments in several countries in the global South, including South Africa.

Exploring the debate over the benefits of legal protection for fashion design, this book focuses on how a combination of minimal legal protections for design, evolving social norms, digital technology, and market forces can promote innovation and creativity in a business known for its fast-paced remixing and borrowing. Focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of the main US and EU IP laws that protect fashion design in the world's biggest fashion markets, it describes how recent US case law in copyright and trademark cases has led to misaligned incentives for the industry and a lack of clear protection, while in the EU, the CJEU's interpretation of the pan-European design rights system has created significant overlap with copyright law and risks leading to the overprotection of design. The book proposes that creativity and innovation in fashion derive some benefit from a limited unregistered design right protection and that cumulation with copyright protection is unhelpful. It also proposes that there is a larger role for developing social norms relating to sustainability, the ethics of cultural appropriation, and the online shaming of counterfeiters, that can also help create a fair equilibrium between protection and borrowing in fashion design.

Exploring the debate over the benefits of legal protection for fashion design, this book focuses on how a combination of minimal legal protections for design, evolving social norms, digital technology, and market forces can promote innovation and creativity in a business known for its fast-paced remixing and borrowing. Focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of the main US and EU IP laws that protect fashion design in the world's biggest fashion markets, it describes how recent US case law in copyright and trademark cases has led to misaligned incentives for the industry and a lack of clear protection, while in the EU, the CJEU's interpretation of the pan-European design rights system has created significant overlap with copyright law and risks leading to the overprotection of design. The book proposes that creativity and innovation in fashion derive some benefit from a limited unregistered design right protection and that cumulation with copyright protection is unhelpful. It also proposes that there is a larger role for developing social norms relating to sustainability, the ethics of cultural appropriation, and the online shaming of counterfeiters, that can also help create a fair equilibrium between protection and borrowing in fashion design.

The book reads so easily you hardly notice the erudition that has gone into it. Whether the authors are right in thinking harmonisation would be easier than is supposed is an open question - one they make you think about seriously.' - Rt Hon Sir Robin Jacob, University College London, UKThis insightful study explores the constitutional, institutional, and cultural barriers to harmonisation of the copyright laws of the United States and the European Union. It considers these matters in the real world transnational environment in which copyright law operates and suggests that the reality transcends the differences, offering a framework for meaningful harmonisation. The authors examine in detail and offer a critique of the sporadic and historic attempts at one or another form of harmonisation, via treaty and otherwise, from the creation of a minimal standards regime to the proliferation of substantive treaties. They similarly examine the respective competencies of the US and the EU to adopt a transnational regime, and propose a workable framework consistent with these competencies. Offering a critical analysis of treaties and other prior attempts at forms of harmonization, this book will have special appeal to governmental and nongovernmental individuals involved in the ongoing efforts of WIPO and the WTO, as well as copyright and intellectual property practitioners with internationally oriented practices. Contents: 1. Harmony, Policy, and Power 2. Minimum Standards and International Codes 3. Why We Don't Play Well with Others: U.S. Constitutional Constraints on Harmonisation of Copyright Law 4. If There is a Will, There is a Way.... The Broad Legislative Competence of the European Union 5. A Framework for Harmonisation Index

Aurora Plomer explores international human rights, and its relevance to battles over intellectual property and science. Her work highlights the need for the benefits of scientific research to be fairly and equitably shared. Her work is an important original contribution to the literature on intellectual property, human rights, and the sociology of science.' - Matthew Rimmer, Queensland University of Technology, Australia'This remarkable book highlights and analyzes the inherent tensions and complementarities of patents with access to science, as materialized in the most prominent international human rights agreements. A must-read for anyone interested in one of the most crucial and debated questions of intellectual property, examined here from the perspective of its fascinating but complex interactions with human rights.' - Christophe Geiger, University of Strasbourg, France 'The relationship between patents, human rights and science raises fundamental questions for innovation and for access to the benefits of scientific endeavour. Yet the complexities of the underlying science and legal environment in which it operates cannot be underestimated. Aurora Plomer deftly navigates this terrain with great clarity and skill. The resulting book is timely, accessible and a thorough scholarly work that demystifies and throws new light on the interface between science and the law.' - Duncan Matthews, Queen Mary University of London, UK The new millennium has been described as 'the century of biology', but scientific progress and access to medicines has been marred by global disputes over ownership of the science by universities and private companies. This book examines the challenges posed by the modern patent system to the right of everyone to access the benefits of science in international law. Aurora Plomer retraces the genesis and evolution of the key Articles in the UN system (Article 27 UDHR and Article 15 ICESCR). She combines the historiography of these Articles with a novel perspective on the moral foundations of rights of access to science to draw out implications for today's controversies on patents in the life-sciences. The analysis suggests that access to science as a fundamental right requires both freedom from political and religious interference and the existence of enabling research institutions and educational facilities which promote the flow of knowledge through transparent and open structures. From this perspective, the global patent system is shown to fail spectacularly when it comes to the human rights ideal of universal access to science. The book concludes that a fundamental restructuring of patent institutions is required, in which democratic oversight of patent policies would ensure meaningful realization of the right of everyone to access the benefits of science. Students and scholars of international law, particularly those focusing on intellectual property and human rights, will find this book to be of considerable interest. It will also be of use to practitioners in the field.

Linking traditional and local products to a specific area is increasingly felt as a necessity in a globalised market, and Geographical Indications (GIs) are emerging as a multifunctional tool capable of performing this and many other functions. This book analyses the evolving nature of EU sui generis GIs by focusing on their key element, the origin link, and concludes that the history of the product in the broad sense has become a major factor to prove the link between a good and a specific place. For the first time, this area of Intellectual Property Law is investigated from three different, although interrelated, perspectives: the history and comparative assessment of the systems of protection of Indications of Geographical Origin adopted in the European jurisdictions from the beginning of the 20th century; the empirical analysis of the trends emerging from the practice of EUGIs; and the policy debates surrounding them and their importance for the fulfilment of the general goals of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The result is an innovative and rounded analysis of the very nature of the EU Law of GIs that, starting from its past, investigates the present and the likely future of this Intellectual Property Right. This book provides an interesting and innovative contribution to the field and will be of interest to GI scholars and Intellectual Property students, as well as anyone willing to gain a better understanding of this compelling area of law.

In this volume charity commissioners and leading charity policy reformers from across the world reflect on the aims and objectives of charity regulation and what it has achieved. Regulating Charities represents an insider's review of the last quarter century of charity law policy and an insight for its future development. Charity Commissioners and nonprofit regulatory agency heads chart the nature of charity law reforms that they have implemented, with a 'warts and all' analysis. They are joined by influential sector reformers who assess the outcomes of their policy agitation. All reflect on the current state of charities in a fiscally restrained environment, often with conservative governments, and offer their views on productive regulatory paths available for the future. This topical collection brings together major charity regulation actors, and will be of great interest to anyone concerned with contemporary third sector policy-making, public administration and civil society.

Digital technologies have transformed the way many creative works are generated, disseminated and used. They have made cultural products more accessible, challenged established business models and the copyright system, and blurred the boundary between producers and consumers. This unique resource presents an up-to-date overview of academic research on the impact of digitization in the creative sector of the economy. In 37 chapters, this coherent volume brings together contributions by experts on many aspects of digitization in the creative industries. With its interdisciplinary approach and detailed studies of digitization in the arts, media and cultural industries, the Handbook provides accessible material for a range of courses. It will be thought-provoking reading for academics, researchers, students and policy-makers interested in progress in the creative economy. Contributors include: P. Arora, K. Atladottir, P. Bakker, J. Banks, W.J. Baumol, C. Bekar, A. Bruns, S. Cunningham, P. Di Cola, G. Doyle, K. van Eijck, J. Farchy, M. Favale, T. Flew, M. Gansemer, P. Goodridge, C. Handke, E. Haswell, A. Henten, R.M. Hilty, F. Homberg, R. Inglehart, A. Johansson, A. Katz, H. van Kranenburg, M. Kretschmer, M. Latzer, S.J. Liebowitz, M. Majorana, D. Mendis, F. Muller-Langer, T. Navarrete, S. Nerisson, P. Norris, J. Petrou, J. Poort, J. Potts, A. Pratt, M. Scheufen, N. Searle, D. Secchi, P. Stepan, A. Swift, R. Tadayoni, R. Towse, P. Tschmuck, F. Vermeylen, P. Waelbroek, R. Watt, G. White, P. Wikstrom, G. Withers, R. van der Wurff, G.W. Ziggers

This insightful and important new book explores the role played by Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in articulating concerns at the TRIPS Council, the WIPO, the WHO, the CBD-COP and the FAO that intellectual property rights can have negative consequences for developing countries. Duncan Matthews describes how coalitions of international NGOs have influenced the way that the relationship between intellectual property rights and development is understood, often framing the message as a human rights issue to emphasize these concerns and ensure that access to medicines, food security and the rights of indigenous peoples over their traditional knowledge are protected. Based on extensive research undertaken in Geneva and in developing countries, the book also reveals how NGOs and broader social movements in Brazil, India and South Africa have played a crucial role in addressing the negative impacts of intellectual property rights by using human rights law as a practical tool before national courts and when seeking to influence national legislation and government policy. Intellectual Property, Human Rights and Development will appeal to academics, practitioners, activists, international negotiators and to postgraduate students in intellectual property law, human rights law, the international political economy of intellectual property rights and development studies.

Economists advise that the law should seek efficiency. More recently, it has been suggested that common law systems are more conducive of economic growth than code-based civil law systems. This book argues that there is no theory to support such statements and provides evidence that rejects a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. Both common law and civil law systems are reviewed to debunk the relationship between the efficiency of the common law hypothesis and the alleged inferiority of codified law systems. Legal Origins and the Efficiency Dilemma has six aims: explaining the efficiency hypothesis of the common law since Posner's 1973 book; summarizing the legal origins theory in the context of economic growth; debunking their relationship; discussing the meaning of 'common law' and the problems with the efficiency hypothesis by comparing laws across English speaking jurisdictions; illustrating the shortcomings of the legal origins theory with a comparative law and economics analysis; and concluding there is no theory and evidence to support the economic superiority of common law systems. Based on previous pieces by the authors, this book expands their work by including new areas of analysis (such as trusts), detailing previous analysis (such as French law versus common law in the areas of contract, property and torts), and updating for recent developments in the academic discourse. This volume is of interest to academics and students who study microeconomics, comparative law and foundations of law, as well as legal policy analysts.

Beyond Intellectual Property explores the many means by which information is protected. Based on thorough empirical research in the US and Europe as well as practical experience of economic innovation, it goes far beyond the traditional realm of intellectual property (IP). It also identifies the need for urgent reform of present arrangements and suggests practical ways of achieving this.New instruments for protecting investment in information have been historically important for initiating long-wave economic cycles. William Kingston argues that although IP has been one such method, it is increasingly proving ineffective because its laws have been progressively shaped by the interests that benefit from them, rather than by visions of the public good. He demonstrates that repair will require such visions, which would also underwrite radically new forms of information protection.This insightful book defines, describes and distinguishes between information, knowledge and meaning, and explains why information now needs changed forms of legal protection if it is to be of genuine economic value. As such, it will be of great interest to economic policy-makers, students of IP and innovation, patent agents and attorneys.