Enough plastic is thrown away every year to circle the world 4 times More than 8 million tonnes of plastic enter the oceans each year 300 million tonnes of new plastic is produced every year An estimated 15-51 trillion pieces of plastic now litter the world's oceans 38.5 million plastic bottles are used every day in the UK A million plastic bottles are used per minute around the world 500 million plastic straws are used per year Without big action, at the current rate, pieces of plastic will outnumber fish in the ocean by 2050. That is the legacy we are leaving our children and grandchildren. Plastic flows into our lives from every direction and most of it is not recycled. Instead it is incinerated or ends up in landfill, where it will sit for hundreds of years, or enters the world's seas where it fragments into tiny pieces to become microplastics - the environmental scourge of our times. Many of us had assumed that governments, brands and waste authorities were dealing with plastic on our behalf. But the impact of shows such as Blue Planet along with national beach cleans and high-profile campaigns have resulted in a collective wake-up call. If there were plans and strategies, they have not worked as we imagined. It would be easy to feel despondent but instead we need to turn our anger and emotion into action, starting by making a big dent in our own enormous consumption. Turning the tide on Plastic is here just in time. Journalist, broadcaster and eco lifestyle expert Lucy Siegle provides a powerful call to arms to end the plastic pandemic along with the tools we need to make decisive change. It is a clear-eyed, authoritative and accessible guide to help us to take decisive and effective personal action. Because this matters. When it comes to single-use plastics, we are habitual users, reaching out for plastic water bottles, disposable coffee cups, plastic straws and carrier bags multiple times a day. If only 12 of us adopt Lucy's 'reduce, rethink, refill, refuse' approach, we could potentially ditch 3K-15K single items of plastic in a year. When we consider our power as influencers - whether at school, the hairdressers, at work or on the bus - we suddenly become part of something significant. So now is the time to speak up, take action and demand the change you want to see in the ocean, in the supermarket aisles and on the streets. It's time to turn the tide on plastic, and this book will show you how.

Environmental applications have long been a core use of GIS. However, the effectiveness of GIS-based methods depends on the decision-making frameworks and contexts within which they are employed. GIS for Environmental Decision-Making takes an interdisciplinary look at the capacities of GIS to integrate, analyze, and display data on which decisions must be based. It provides a broad prospective on the current state of GIS for environmental decision-making and emphasizes the importance of matters related to data, analysis, and modeling tools, as well as stakeholder participation.

The book is divided into three sections, which effectively relate to three key aspects of the decision-making process as supported by GIS: data required, tools being developed, and aspects of participation. The first section stresses the ability to integrate data from different sources as a defining characteristic of GIS and illustrates the benefits that this can bring in the context of deriving land-use and other information. The second section discusses a range of issues concerning the use of GIS for suitability mapping and strategic planning exercises, through illustrative examples. The last section of the book focuses on the use of GIS-based techniques to facilitate public participation in decision-making processes. In particular, it provides an overview of developments in this area, concentrating on how GIS, modeling, and 3D landscape visualization techniques are gradually achieving closer integration.

Given the complex challenges presented by global environmental change, GIS for Environmental Decision-Making provides a clear illustration of how the use of GIS can make significant contributions to trans-disciplinary initiatives to address environmental problems.

Table of Contents

Introduction. Data for Decision-Making. Tools to Support Decision-Making. Participation in Decision-Making.

The book seeks to cover the application of the principles of the circular economy within the context of the processing and waste management industry in sub-Saharan Africa. It includes topics related to the circular economy and the sustainable use of resources in the mining, process industry, and waste management sectors, and examines how some resources from these sectors, currently treated as “waste”, can be converted into secondary resources that can help drive economic development.

Features:

Describes fundamental environmental and process engineering principles to understand waste valorization technologies.

Covers sustainable solid waste management and recovery of resources from solid waste from an African perspective.

Provides guidelines for specific approaches to long-term sustainable waste management.

Includes alternative waste treatment technologies in order of priority as per the waste hierarchy.

Introduces pertinent industry-specific case studies, worked examples, and problems.

This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in environmental and chemical engineering and waste treatment.

Table of Contents

1. Overview of Waste Management. 2. Waste Management Principles and Their Application. 3. Fundamentals of Waste Management and Their Application. 4. Environmental Management Legislation in Sub-Saharan Africa. 5. Current Municipal Solid Waste Management in Africa. 6. Mining Waste and Industrial By-products in the African Context. 7. Agricultural Waste. 8. Future Perspectives on Waste Management.

Energy and feedstock materials for the chemical industry show an increasing demand. With constraints related to availability and use of oil, the energy and chemical industry is subject to considerable changes. The need for the use of cheaper and widely available feedstocks, and the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes is growing rapidly under both economical and public pressure. Therefore, waste gas treatment has gradually been integrated into the process design. Instead of discharging their waste gases into the atmosphere, industries increasingly attempt to become self-sufficient and recover compounds from their own wastestreams or use (upgraded) wastestreams of neighbouring industries as raw material. The proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Biotechniques for Air Pollution Control, held on 28-30 September 2009 in Delft, the Netherlands, give an overview of innovative biotechnology based processes for treatment of waste gasses. Various innovative research aspects of environmental chemistry, environmental engineering, and bioprocess technology are discussed.

The book reviews the current state of knowledge on the chemical and physical processes occurring in the environmental media (i) the atmosphere, (ii) the aqueous phase and (iii) soil and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the chemical mechanisms (both explicit and condensed) currently available to simulate the multimedia environmental chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter in these media. Contributions examine how well this knowledge has been incorporated into different types of CT models and appraise the current status and significant issues in the development and usage of the models. Model simulations of some real world chemical perturbations to the Earth system are presented which appraise the performance of the models in relation to "real world" observations. Serious caveats in our understanding of chemical processes and their simulation in the various compartments of the Earth system are highlighted and areas are identified that need urgent improvement, in particular with respect to environmental security.

Membrane Based Technologiesfor Environmental Pollution Control explains the application of this green technology while offering a systematic approach for accurately utilizing mathematical modeling methods for optimizing system design and scale-up. The book provides in-depth coverage of membrane processes, materials and modules, along with their potential application in various pollution control systems. Each chapter provides a systematic approach for dynamic model development and solutions. With this reference, researchers and those responsible for the design of pollution control systems will find a source that can maximize their efforts to reduce or prevent pollutants from entering all types of environmental media.

Environmentally oriented modernization of power boilers explains how to retrofit and upgrade power boilers in aging thermal and CHP plants, with emphasis on pulverized fuel boilers (PF). The work provides direct avenues to higher boiler efficiency, harmful emissions reduction, fuel grinding system modernization, fuel flexibility, boiler operation flexibilization, reduced corrosion, erosion, and fouling. It also explores how to integrate emission reduction systems into boiler operations. The work is planned for engineers and graduate students as well as for power plant management. For the latter, it helps find the best solution for the necessary modernization and functions as an aid in organizing tenders as well as in evaluating projects offered. Errata to published editions can be found here https://modernpowerboilers.org/errata.html

Hailed on first publication as a masterful review of the topic, The Science of Air: Concepts and Applications quickly became a standard resource in the field. Clearly written and user-friendly, the second edition continues to provide the scientific underpinnings of the essence of air. Major expansions include: Air math and physics Air flow parameters Indoor air quality Regulatory updates related to indoor and outdoor air quality Updated air pollution control technologies The text follows a pattern that is nontraditional, using a paradigm based on real-world experience. It covers air resource utilization and air protection, contains regulatory updates related to air quality, and provides an update on pollution control technologies. In addition to the discussion of numerous mitigation and remediation procedures, this authoritative resource includes an expanded section on the fundamentals of air chemistry and physics, making it an indispensable text for those tasked with compliance to air pollution laws. The common thread woven through the fabric of this text is air resource utilization and its protection. Numerous examples exist on how understanding the science of air can assist in understanding global climate change, air pollution, radon, indoor air quality, and acid rain. To solve these problems and understand the issues related to air, air pollution control practitioners need a broad base of scientific information from which to draw - The Science of Air fills this critical need.

Environmental and Pollution Science, Third Edition, continues its tradition on providing readers with the scientific basis to understand, manage, mitigate, and prevent pollution across the environment, be it air, land, or water. Pollution originates from a wide variety of sources, both natural and man-made, and occurs in a wide variety of forms including, biological, chemical, particulate or even energy, making a multivariate approach to assessment and mitigation essential for success. This third edition has been updated and revised to include topics that are critical to addressing pollution issues, from human-health impacts to environmental justice to developing sustainable solutions. Environmental and Pollution Science, Third Edition is designed to give readers the tools to be able to understand and implement multi-disciplinary approaches to help solve current and future environmental pollution problems.

The purpose of the Third National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, which was held in Greensboro, North Carolina on September 12-14, 2007 was to address pollution prevention, solutions, and research needs and foster relationships that could result in partnerships needed to protect and sustain the - vironment and improve the quality of life. The following topics are included in this book: Pollution Prevention, Fate and Transport of Contaminants, Bioremediation, Bio-processing, Innovative Environmental Technologies, Global Climate Change, and Environmental Justice and Ethics. Several discussions about Global Climate Change, Pollution Prevention, En- ronmental Justice and Ethics among Godfrey A. Uzochukwu (Waste Management Institute, North Carolina A & T State University), Sherry Southern and Jeffrey Al- son (DOE-Savannah River Site), Thomas Parker (CDM), Glennis Nelson (CDM), Jason Callaway (Allied Waste), Steve Roland (O'Brien & Gere), Marv Richa- son (O'Brien & Gere) and Rick Crume (US Environmental Protection Agency) set the stage for the Third National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology. The following persons served on the Executive Conference Comm- tee: G. B. Reddy (Professor of Environmental Microbiology), Shoou-Yuh Chang (Professor of Environmental Engineering), Vinayak Kabadi (Professor of Che- cal Engineering), Keith Schimmel (Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering), Emmanuel Nzewi (Professor and Director of Civil and Environmental Engine- ing), Stephanie Luster-Teasley (Assistant Professor of Environmental Engineering) and Godfrey A. Uzochukwu (Professor and Director, Waste Management Ins- tute). These individuals approved the conference theme - Environmental Science and Technology.

Electronic Waste Management and Treatment Technology applies the latest research for designing waste treatment and disposal strategies. Written for researchers who are exploring this emerging topic, the book begins with a short, but rigorous, discussion of electric waste management that outlines common hazardous materials. such as mercury, lead, silver and flame-retardants. The book also discusses the fate of metals contained in waste electrical and electronic equipment in municipal waste treatment. Materials and methods for the remediation, recycling and treatment of plastic waste collected from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are also covered. Finally, the book covers the depollution benchmarks for capacitors, batteries and printed circuit boards from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and the recovery of waste printed circuit boards through pyrometallurgy.

China's green transition is often perceived as a lesson in authoritarian efficiency. In just a few years, the state managed to improve air quality, contain dissent, and restructure local industry. Much of this was achieved through top-down, 'blunt force' solutions, such as forcibly shuttering or destroying polluting factories. This book argues that China's blunt force regulation is actually a sign of weak state capacity and ineffective bureaucratic control. Integrating case studies with quantitative evidence, it shows how widespread industry shutdowns are used, not to scare polluters into respecting pollution standards, but to scare bureaucrats into respecting central orders. These measures have improved air quality in almost all Chinese cities, but at immense social and economic cost. This book delves into the negotiations, trade-offs, and day-to-day battles of local pollution enforcement to explain why governments employ such costly measures, and what this reveals about a state's powers to govern society.

Although primarily concerned with the treatment of wastewater and water quality, publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) are required to be in compliance with the Federal Clean Air Act and an increasingly stringent series of Clean Air Act Amendments to control emissions of odors, criteria pollutants, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). How POTWs demonstrate, document, or show compliance with federal and state or local quality laws and regulations can vary significantly from POTW to POTW and from state to state. VOC Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants: Characterization, Control, and Compliance provides the tools, concepts, policies, and information required to develop an air quality compliance plan and to assess the labor and capital requirements to maintain the plan's viability.

With contributions from a panel of experts and authoritative editorial guidance, the book reflects many viewpoints and approaches based on various air quality compliance and assessment conditions and experiences. The editors use this body of knowledge to develop a clear picture of how to design, set up, and maintain a successful air quality compliance program. Building on this foundation, VOC Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants: Characterization, Control, and Compliance shows you how to create a comprehensive, complete program that includes POTW-specific air emissions inventory information, measurement techniques, and viable control options.

This handbook discusses biological risk engineering, an extension of industrial hygiene that involves the assessment, control, and decontamination of indoor biological risks. The book synergizes the knowledge of experts in various fields, from law to toxicology, to provide a compendium of information for applying science to limit biological risk.

Biological Risk Engineering Handbook: Infection Control and Decontamination begins with a microbiological dictionary, using pictures to illustrate the basic morphology and culture appearance of fungi, bacteria, viruses and prions. The text then reviews sampling and laboratory procedures to ensure coordination between sampling teams and their ultimate receiving laboratory. The contributing authors further examine interpretation issues associated with toxicological studies and risk assessment in hopes of providing further impetus for synergistic studies related to risk assessment and management of biohazardous agents. Other topics include ventilation design, infection control, and the use of biocides. The discussion of Legionella control and cooling towers serves as a case study of how design, maintenance, and decontamination should be a seamless process. The contributors also discuss patent utility requirements, insurance processes, laws, and current regulations, including a chapter on Tuberculosis that compares OSHA and CDC guidelines. Finally, security is addressed from the standpoint of both homeland security in the United States and the security of individual laboratories.

From assessment methods to design options, Biological Risk Engineering Handbook presents state-of-the-art techniques and practices to measure, control, and contain human exposure to biological contaminants. With the concern of biological risk on the rise and the emerging fear today of biological warfare, this handbook allows you to move into the future armed with the information needed to limit this threat.

Enlightens readers on the realities of global atmospheric change, including global warming and poor air quality Climate change and air pollution are two of the most pressing issues facing Mankind. This book gives undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and professionals working in the science and policy of pollution, climate change and air quality a broad and up-to-date account of the processes that occur in the atmosphere, how these are changing as Man's relentless use of natural resources continues, and what effects these changes are having on the Earth's climate and the quality of the air we breathe. Written by an international team of experts, Atmospheric Science for Environmental Scientists, 2nd Edition provides an excellent overview of our current understanding of the state of the Earth's atmosphere and how it is changing. The first half of the book covers: the climate of the Earth; chemical evolution of the atmosphere; atmospheric energy and the structure of the atmosphere; biogeochemical cycles; and tropospheric chemistry and air pollution. The second half looks at cloud formation and chemistry; particulate matter in the atmosphere; stratospheric chemistry and ozone depletion; boundary layer meteorology and atmospheric dispersion; urban air pollution; and global warming and climate change science. Provides succinct but detailed information on all the important aspects of atmospheric science for students Offers the most up-to-date treatment of key issues such as stratospheric chemistry, urban air pollution, and climate change Each chapter includes basic concepts, end-of-section questions, and more in-depth material Features contributions from the best experts and educators in the field of atmospheric science Atmospheric Science for Environmental Scientists, 2nd Edition is an invaluable resource for students, teachers, and professionals involved in environmental science. It will also appeal to those interested in learning how the atmosphere works, how humankind is changing its composition, and what effects these changes are leading to.