Duration calculus constitutes a formal approach to the development of real-time systems; as an interval logic with special features for expressing and analyzing time durations of states in real-time systems, it allows for representing and formally reasoning about requirements and designs at an appropriate level of abstraction.

This book presents the logical foundations of duration calculus in a coherent and thorough manner. Through selective case studies it explains how duration calculus can be applied to the formal specification and verification of real-time systems. The book also contains an extensive survey of the current research in this field.

The material included in this book has been used for graduate and postgraduate courses, while it is also suitable for experienced researchers and professionals.

Extensive research and development has produce mutation tools for languages such as Fortran, Ada, C, and IDL; empirical evaluations comparing mutation with other test adequacy criteria; empirical evidence and theoretical justification for the coupling effect; and techniques for speeding up mutation testing using various types of high performance architectures. Mutation has received the attention of software developers and testers in such diverse areas as network protocols and nuclear simulation. Mutation Testing for the New Century brings together cutting edge research results in mutation testing from a wide range of researchers. This book provides answers to key questions related to mutation and raises questions yet to be answered. It is an excellent resource for researchers, practitioners, and students of software engineering.

This work is Volume II of a two-volume monograph on the theory of deterministic parsing of context-free grammars. Volume I, "Languages and Parsing" (Chapters 1 to 5), was an introduction to the basic concepts of formal language theory and context-free parsing. Volume II (Chapters 6 to 10) contains a thorough treat ment of the theory of the two most important deterministic parsing methods: LR(k) and LL(k) parsing. Volume II is a continuation of Volume I; together these two volumes form an integrated work, with chapters, theorems, lemmas, etc. numbered consecutively. Volume II begins with Chapter 6 in which the classical con structions pertaining to LR(k) parsing are presented. These include the canonical LR(k) parser, and its reduced variants such as the LALR(k) parser and the SLR(k) parser. The grammarclasses for which these parsers are deterministic are called LR(k) grammars, LALR(k) grammars and SLR(k) grammars; properties of these grammars are also investigated in Chapter 6. A great deal of attention is paid to the rigorous development of the theory: detailed mathematical proofs are provided for most of the results presented."

The Verilog Hardware Description Language was first introduced in 1984. Over the 20 year history of Verilog, every Verilog engineer has developed his own personal "bag of tricks" for coding with Verilog. These tricks enable modeling or verifying designs more easily and more accurately. Developing this bag of tricks is often based on years of trial and error. Through experience, engineers learn that one specific coding style works best in some circumstances, while in another situation, a different coding style is best. As with any high-level language, Verilog often provides engineers several ways to accomplish a specific task. Wouldn't it be wonderful if an engineer first learning Verilog could start with another engineer's bag of tricks, without having to go through years of trial and error to decide which style is best for which circumstance? That is where this book becomes an invaluable resource. The book presents dozens of Verilog tricks of the trade on how to best use the Verilog HDL for modeling designs at various level of abstraction, and for writing test benches to verify designs. The book not only shows the correct ways of using Verilog for different situations, it also presents alternate styles, and discusses the pros and cons of these styles.

This book provides an introductory overview of the rapid growth in interdisciplinary research into Thinking with Diagrams. Diagrammatic representations are becoming more common in everyday human experience, yet they offer unique challenges to cognitive science research. Neither linguistic nor perceptual theories are sufficient to completely explain their advantages and applications. These research challenges may be part of the reason why so many diagrams are badly designed or badly used. This is ironic when the user interfaces of computer software and the worldwide web are becoming so completely dominated by graphical and diagrammatic representations. This book includes chapters commissioned from leading researchers in the major disciplines involved in diagrams research. They review the philosophical status of diagrams, the cognitive processes involved in their application, and a range of specialist fields in which diagrams are central, including education, architectural design and visual programming languages. The result is immediately relevant to researchers in cognitive science and artificial intelligence, as well as in applied technology areas such as human-computer interaction and information design.

In a model-based development of software systems different views on a system are elaborated using appropriate modeling languages and techniques. Because of the unavoidable heterogeneity of the viewpoint models, a semantic integration is required, to establish the correspondences of the models and allow checking of their relative consistency.

The integration approach introduced in this book is based on a common semantic domain of abstract systems, their composition and development. Its applicability is shown through semantic interpretations and compositional comparisons of different specification approaches. These range from formal specification techniques like process calculi, Petri nets and rule-based formalisms to semiformal software modeling languages like those in the UML family.

Research into Fully Integrated Data Environments (FIDE) has the goal of substantially improving the quality of application systems while reducing the cost of building and maintaining them. Application systems invariably involve the long-term storage of data over months or years. Much unnecessary complexity obstructs the construction of these systems when conventional databases, file systems, operating systems, communication systems, and programming languages are used. This complexity limits the sophistication of the systems that can be built, generates operational and usability problems, and deleteriously impacts both reliability and performance. This book reports on the work of researchers in the Esprit FIDE projects to design and develop a new integrated environment to support the construction and operation of such persistent application systems. It reports on the principles they employed to design it, the prototypes they built to test it, and their experience using it.

There is an established interest in integrating databases and programming languages. This book on Data Types and Persistence evolved from the proceedings of a workshop held at the Appin in August 1985. The purpose of the Appin workshop was to focus on these two aspects: persistence and data types, and to bring together people from various disciplines who have thought about these problems. Particular topics of"interest include the design of type systems appropriate for database work, the representation of persistent objects such as data types and modules, and the provision of orthogonal persistence and certain aspects of transactions and concurrency. The programme was broken into three sessions: morning, late afternoon and evening to allow the participants to take advantage of two beautiful days in the Scottish Highlands. The financial assistance of the Science and Engineering Research Council, the National Science Foundation and International Computers Ltd. is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank Isabel Graham, Anne Donnelly and Estelle Taylor for their help in organising the workshop. Finally our thanks to Pete Bailey, Ray Carick and Dave Munro for the immense task they undertook in typesetting the book. The convergence of programming languages and databases to a coherent and consistent whole requires ideas from, and adjustment in, both intellectual camps. The first group of chapters in this book present ideas and adjustments coming from the programming language research community. This community frequently discusses types and uses them as a framework for other discussions.

Welcome to the 5th International Conference on Open Source Systems! It is quite an achievement to reach the five-year mark - that's the sign of a successful enterprise. This annual conference is now being recognized as the primary event for the open source research community, attracting not only high-quality papers, but also building a community around a technical program, a collection of workshops, and (starting this year) a Doctoral Consortium. Reaching this milestone reflects the efforts of many people, including the conference founders, as well as the organizers and participants in the previous conferences. My task has been easy, and has been greatly aided by the hard work of Kevin Crowston and Cornelia Boldyreff, the Program Committee, as well as the Organizing Team led by Bjoern Lundell. All of us are also grateful to our attendees, especially in the difficult economic climate of 2009. We hope the participants found the conference valuable both for its technical content and for its personal networking opportunities. To me, it is interesting to look back over the past five years, not just at this conference, but at the development and acceptance of open source software. Since 2004, the business and commercial side of open source has grown enormously. At that time, there were only a handful of open source businesses, led by RedHat and its Linux distribution. Companies such as MySQL and JBoss were still quite small.

The contributors present the main results and techniques of their specialties in an easily accessible way accompanied with many references: historical, hints for complete proofs or solutions to exercises and directions for further research. This volume contains applications which have not appeared in any collection of this type. The book is a general source of information in computation theory, at the undergraduate and research level.

The second half of the 1970s was marked with impressive advances in array/vector architectures and vectorization techniques and compilers. This progress continued with a particular focus on vector machines until the middle of the 1980s. The major ity of supercomputers during this period were register-to-register (Cray 1) or memory-to-memory (CDC Cyber 205) vector (pipelined) machines. However, the increasing demand for higher computational rates lead naturally to parallel comput ers and software. Through the replication of autonomous processors in a coordinated system, one can skip over performance barriers due technology limitations. In princi ple, parallelism offers unlimited performance potential. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to realize this performance potential in practice. So far, we have seen only the tip of the iceberg called "parallel machines and parallel programming." Parallel programming in particular is a rapidly evolving art and, at present, highly empirical. In this book we discuss several aspects of parallel programming and parallelizing compilers. Instead of trying to develop parallel programming methodologies and paradigms, we often focus on more advanced topics assuming that the reader has an adequate background in parallel processing. The book is organized in three main parts. In the first part (Chapters 1 and 2) we set the stage and focus on program transformations and parallelizing compilers. The second part of this book (Chapters 3 and 4) discusses scheduling for parallel machines from the practical point of view macro and microtasking and supporting environments). Finally, the last part (Le."

This multi-function volume starts off as an ideal basic textbook for teaching object modeling, fundamental concepts learning and system designing with thirteen UML diagrams. But it also contains a whole section devoted to advanced research topics, samples and case studies. It is an essential work for any system developer or graduate student in a discipline that requires the power of object modeling as part of a development methodology.

Programming Languages: An Active Learning Approach introduces students to three programming paradigms: object-oriented/imperative languages using C++ and Ruby, functional languages using Standard ML, and logic programming using Prolog. This interactive textbook is intended to be used in and outside of class. Each chapter follows a pattern of presenting a topic followed by a practice exercise or exercises that encourage students to try what they have just read. This textbook is best-suited for students with a 2-3 course introduction to imperative programming.

Key Features: (1) Accessible structure guides the student through various programming languages. (2) Seamlessly integrated practice exercises. (3) Classroom-tested. (4) Online support materials.

Advance praise:
"The Programming Languages book market is overflowing with books, but none like this. In many ways, it is precisely the book I have been searching for to use in my own programming languages course. One of the main challenges I perpetually face is how to teach students to program in functional and logical languages, but also how to teach them about compilers. This book melds the two approaches very well." -- David Musicant, Carleton College

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, ATVA 2011, held in Taipei, Taiwan, in October 2011.
The 23 revised regular papers presented together with 5 invited papers, 11 short papers, and 2 tool papers, were carefully reviewed and selected from 75 submissions. The papers address all theoretical and practical aspects of automated analysis, verification and synthesis; thus providing a forum for interaction between the regional and the international research communities and industry in the field.

This Festschrift, published in honor of Bernhard Thalheim on the occasion of his 60th birthday presents 20 articles by colleagues from all over the world with whom Bernhard Thalheim had cooperation in various respects; also included is a scientific biography contributed by the volume editors. The 20 contributions reflect the breadth and the depth of the work of Bernhard Thalheim in conceptual modeling and database theory during his scientific career spanning more than 35 years of active research. In particular, ten articles are focusing on topics like database dependency theory, object-oriented databases, triggers, abstract state machines, database and information systems design, web semantics, and business processes.

This book offers a venue for rapidly learning the language of C++ by concisely revealing its grammar, syntax and main features, and by explaining the key ideas behind object oriented programming (OOP) with emphasis on scientific computing. The book reviews elemental concepts of computers and computing, describes the primary features of C++, illustrates the use of pointers and user-defined functions, analyzes the construction of classes, and discusses graphics programming based on VOGLE and OpenGL. In short, the book is a basic, concise introduction to C++ programming for everyone from students to scientists and engineers seeking a quick grasp of key topics.

System Level Design of Reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip provides insight in the challenges and difficulties encountered during the design of reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). Reconfiguration is becoming an important part of System-on-Chip design to cope with the increasing demands for simultaneous flexibility and computational power.

The book focuses on system level design issues for reconfigurable SoCs, and provides information on reconfiguration aspects of complex SoCs and how they can be implemented in practice. It is divided in three parts. The first part provides background information and requirements on reconfigurable technologies and systems. The second one identifies existing methodological gaps, and introduces a design flow for developing reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip. The high level part of the design flow can be covered by two C++ based methodologies: one based on SystemC and one based on OCAPI-XL, both including appropriate extensions to handle reconfiguration issues. Finally, the third part of the book presents reconfigurable SoCs from the perspective of the designer, through three indicative case studies from the wireless and multimedia communication domain.

A Software Process Model Handbook for Incorporating People's Capabilities offers the most advanced approach to date, empirically validated at software development organizations. This handbook adds a valuable contribution to the much-needed literature on people-related aspects in software engineering. The primary focus is on the particular challenge of extending software process definitions to more explicitly address people-related considerations.

The capability concept is not present nor has it been considered in most software process models. The authors have developed a capabilities-oriented software process model, which has been formalized in UML and implemented as a tool. A Software Process Model Handbook for Incorporating People's Capabilities guides readers through the incorporation of the individual's capabilities into the software process.

Structured to meet the needs of research scientists and graduate-level students in computer science and engineering, this book is also suitable for practitioners in industry.

Open Source Systems Security Certification discusses Security Certification Standards and establishes the need to certify open source tools and applications. This includes the international standard for the certification of IT products (software, firmware and hardware) Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408) (CC 2006), a certification officially adopted by the governments of 18 nations.

Without security certification, open source tools and applications are neither secure nor trustworthy. Open Source Systems Security Certification addresses and analyzes the urgency of security certification for security-sensible markets, such as telecommunications, government and the military, through provided case studies.

This volume is designed for professionals and companies trying to implement an Open Source Systems (OSS) aware IT governance strategy, and SMEs looking to attract new markets traditionally held by proprietary products or to reduce costs. This book is also suitable for researchers and advanced-level students.

The Forum on Design Languages (FDL) is the European Forum to exchange experiences and learn new trends, in the application of languages and the associated design methods and tools, to design complex electronic systems. By offering several co-located workshops, this multi-faceted event gives an excellent opportunity to gain up-to-date knowledge across main aspects of such a wide field. All the workshops address as their common denominator the different application domains of system-design languages with the presentation of the latest research results and design experiences.
FDL'02 was organized as four focused workshops, Languages for Analog and Mixed-Signal system design, UML-based system specification and design, C/C++-based system design and Specification Formalisms for Proven design.

FDL served once more as the European Forum for electronic system design languages and consolidates as the main place in Europe where designers interested in design languages and their applications can meet and interchange experiences.

In this fourth book in the CHDL Series, a selection of the best papers presented in FDL'02 is published. System Specification and Design Languages contains outstanding research contributions in the four areas mentioned above. So, The Analog and Mixed-Signal system design contributions cover the new methodological approaches like AMS behavioral specification, mixed-signal modeling and simulation, AMS reuse and MEMs design using the new modeling languages such as VHDL-AMS, Verilog-AMS, Modelica and analog-mixed signal extensions to SystemC.

UML is the de-facto standard for SW development covering the early development stages of requirement analysis and system specification. The UML-based system specification and design contributions address latest results on hot-topic areas such as system profiling, performance analysis and UML application to complex, HW/SW embedded systems and SoC design.C/C++-for HW/SW systems design is entering standard industrial design flows. Selected papers cover system modeling, system verification and SW generation.

The papers from the Specification Formalisms for Proven design workshop present formal methods for system modeling and design, semantic integrity and formal languages such as ALPHA, HANDLE and B.

Goal Directed Proof Theory presents a uniform and coherent methodology for automated deduction in non-classical logics, the relevance of which to computer science is now widely acknowledged. The methodology is based on goal-directed provability. It is a generalization of the logic programming style of deduction, and it is particularly favourable for proof search. The methodology is applied for the first time in a uniform way to a wide range of non-classical systems, covering intuitionistic, intermediate, modal and substructural logics. The book can also be used as an introduction to these logical systems form a procedural perspective. Readership: Computer scientists, mathematicians and philosophers, and anyone interested in the automation of reasoning based on non-classical logics. The book is suitable for self study, its only prerequisite being some elementary knowledge of logic and proof theory.

Effective compilers allow for a more efficient execution of application programs for a given computer architecture, while well-conceived architectural features can support more effective compiler optimization techniques. A well thought-out strategy of trade-offs between compilers and computer architectures is the key to the successful designing of highly efficient and effective computer systems. From embedded micro-controllers to large-scale multiprocessor systems, it is important to understand the interaction between compilers and computer architectures. The goal of the Annual Workshop on Interaction between Compilers and Computer Architectures (INTERACT) is to promote new ideas and to present recent developments in compiler techniques and computer architectures that enhance each other's capabilities and performance. Interaction Between Compilers and Computer Architectures is an updated and revised volume consisting of seven papers originally presented at the Fifth Workshop on Interaction between Compilers and Computer Architectures (INTERACT-5), which was held in conjunction with the IEEE HPCA-7 in Monterrey, Mexico in 2001. This volume explores recent developments and ideas for better integration of the interaction between compilers and computer architectures in designing modern processors and computer systems. Interaction Between Compilers and Computer Architectures is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate level course, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

This book will attempt to give a first synthesis of recent works con cerning reactive system design. The term "reactive system" has been introduced in order to at'oid the ambiguities often associated with by the term "real-time system," which, although best known and more sugges tive, has been given so many different meanings that it is almost in evitably misunderstood. Industrial process control systems, transporta tion control and supervision systems, signal-processing systems, are ex amples of the systems we have in mind. Although these systems are more and more computerized, it is sur prising to notice that the problem of time in computer science has been studied only recently by "pure" computer scientists. Until the early 1980s, time problems were regarded as the concern of performance evalu ation, or of some (unjustly scorned) "industrial computer engineering," or, at best, of operating systems. A second surprising fact, in contrast, is the growth of research con cerning timed systems during the last decade. The handling of time has suddenly become a fundamental goal for most models of concurrency. In particular, Robin Alilner 's pioneering works about synchronous process algebras gave rise to a school of thought adopting the following abstract point of view: As soon as one admits that a system can instantaneously react to events, i. e."

Essential SQL fast provides a comprehensive guide to SQL, using the Windows-based version of MySQL. MySQL is a freely available, multi-platform database management system, making it ideal for learning the techniques and concepts of database design. Using numerous worked examples and illustrations, Matthew Norman describes how to set up the database management system MySQL. In doing so he covers various topics, including: installing and testing MySQL; using the graphical tools; database design techniques and concepts; retrieving, changing and deleting data; and how to make other products communicate with MySQL.

This remarkable anthology allows the pioneers who orchestrated the major breakthroughs in operating system technology to describe their work in their own words. From the batch processing systems of the 1950s to the distributed systems of the 1990s, Tom Kilburn, David Howarth, Bill Lynch, Fernando Corbato, Robert Daley, Sandy Fraser, Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson, Edsger Dijkstra, Per Brinch Hansen, Soren Lauesen, Barbara Liskov, Joe Stoy, Christopher Strachey, Butler Lampson, David Redell, Brian Randell, Andrew Tanenbaum, and others describe the systems they designed. The volume details such classic operating systems as the Atlas, B5000, Exec II, Egdon, CTSS, Multics, Titan, Unix, THE, RC 4000, Venus, Boss 2, Solo, OS 6, Alto, Pilot, Star, WFS, Unix United, and Amoeba systems. An introductory essay on the evolution of operating systems summarizes the papers and helps puts them into a larger perspective. This provocative journey captures the historic contributions of operating systems to software design, concurrent programming, graphic user interfaces, file systems, personal computing, and distributed systems. It also fully portrays how operating systems designers think. It's ideal for everybody in the field, from students to professionals, academics to enthusiasts.