ThesearetheproceedingsoftheInternationalWorkshoponProgrammingMulti- Agent Systems (ProMAS 2008), the sixth of a series of workshops that is aimed at discussing and providing an overview of current state-of-the-art technology for programming multi-agent systems. The aim of the ProMAS workshop series is to promote research on progr- ming technologies and tools that can e?ectively contribute to the development and deployment of multi-agent systems. In particular, the workshop promotes the discussion and exchange of ideas concerning the techniques, concepts, - quirements, and principles that are important for establishing multi-agent p- gramming platforms that are useful in practice and have a theoretically sound basis. Topics addressed include but are not limited to the theory and app- cations of agent programming languages, the veri?cation and analysis of agent systems, aswellastheimplementationofsocialstructureinagent-basedsystems (e. g., roleswithin organizations, coordinationandcommunicationin multi-agent systems). In its previous editions, ProMAS constituted an invaluable occasion bringing together leading researchers from both academia and industry to discuss issues on the design of programming languages and tools for multi-agent systems. We were very pleased to be able to again present a range of high-quality papers at ProMAS 2008. After ?ve successful editions of the ProMAS workshop series, which took place during AAMAS 2003 (Melbourne, Australia), AAMAS 2004 (New York, USA), AAMAS 2005 (Utrecht, The Netherlands), AAMAS 2006 (Hakodate, Japan), and AAMAS 2007 (Honolulu, Hawai'i), the sixth edition took place on May 13 in Estoril, Portugal, in conjunction with AAMAS 2008, the main international conference on autonomous agents and MAS.

This volume contains the papers accepted for presentation at the 15th Wo- ing Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ 2009), held in Amsterdam during June 8-9, 2009. Since 1994, when the ?rstREFSQ tookplace, requirementsengineering (RE) has never ceasedto be a dominantfactor in?uencing the quality of software, s- tems and services. Initially started as a workshop, the REFSQ working conf- ence series has now established itself as one of the leading international forums for discussing RE in its many relations to quality. It seeks reports on novel ideas and techniques that enhance the quality of RE products and processes, as well as re?ections on current research and industrial RE practices. One of the most appreciated characteristics of REFSQ is that of being a highly interactive and structured event. Each session is organized in order to provokediscussion among the presenters of papers, discussants and all the other participants.Typically, after a paper is presented, it is immediately discussed by one or two pre-assigned discussants, then subject to a free discussion involving all participants. At the end of each session, an open discussion of all the papers presented in the session takes place. REFSQ 2009 maintained this tradit

There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits. Karl Marx A Universial Genius of the 19th Century Many scientists from all over the world during the past two years since the MLDM 2007 have come along on the stony way to the sunny summit of science and have worked hard on new ideas and applications in the area of data mining in pattern r- ognition. Our thanks go to all those who took part in this year's MLDM. We appre- ate their submissions and the ideas shared with the Program Committee. We received over 205 submissions from all over the world to the International Conference on - chine Learning and Data Mining, MLDM 2009. The Program Committee carefully selected the best papers for this year's program and gave detailed comments on each submitted paper. There were 63 papers selected for oral presentation and 17 papers for poster presentation. The topics range from theoretical topics for classification, clustering, association rule and pattern mining to specific data-mining methods for the different multimedia data types such as image mining, text mining, video mining and Web mining. Among these topics this year were special contributions to subtopics such as attribute discre- zation and data preparation, novelty and outlier detection, and distances and simila- ties.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Automated Deduction (CADE-22). The conference was hosted by the School of Computer Science at McGill University, Montreal, Canada, during August 2-7, 2009. CADE is the major forum for the presentation of research in all aspects of automated deduction. Within this general topic the conference is devoted to foundations, applications, implementations and practical experiences. CADE was founded in 1974 when it was held in Argonne, USA. Since then CADE has been organized ?rst on a bi-annual basis mostly and since 1996 on an annual basis, in 2001, 2004, 2004, 2006 and 2008 as a constituent of IJCAR. This year the Program Committee selected 32 technical contributions out of 77 initial submissions. Of the selected papers 27 were regular papers and 5 were system papers. Each paper was refereed by at least three reviewers on its sign- icance, technical quality, originality, quality of presentation and relevance to the conference. The refereeing process and the Program Committee meeting were conducted electronically via the Internet using the EasyChair conference m- agement system. The program included three invited lectures by distinguished experts in the area: Instantiation-Based Automated Reasoning: From Theory to Practice by Konstantin Korovin(The Universityof Manchester, UK), Integrated Reasoning and Proof Choice Point Selection in the Jahob System: Mechanisms for Program Survival by Martin Rinard (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA), and Building Theorem Provers byMarkStickel(SRIInternational, U

A Concise Introduction to Computation Models and Computability Theory provides an introduction to the essential concepts in computability, using several models of computation, from the standard Turing Machines and Recursive Functions, to the modern computation models inspired by quantum physics. An in-depth analysis of the basic concepts underlying each model of computation is provided.

Divided into two parts, the first highlights the traditional computation models used in the first studies on computability: - Automata and Turing Machines; - Recursive functions and the Lambda-Calculus; - Logic-based computation models.

and the second part covers object-oriented and interaction-based models. There is also a chapter on concurrency, and a final chapter on emergent computation models inspired by quantum mechanics.

At the end of each chapter there is a discussion on the use of computation models in the design of programming languages.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies, DALT 2007, held in Honolulu, HI, USA, in May 2007 as an associated event of AAMAS 2007, the main international conference on autonomous agents and multi-agent systems.

The 11 revised full papers presented together with 1 keynote lecture and 2 invited papers from the AAMAS main conference - substantially enhanced after the workshop - were carefully selected for inclusion in the book. The papers combine declarative and formal approaches with engineering and technology aspects of agents and multiagent systems and focus especially on modeling, goals, foundational concepts, and communication.

This second editon describes C as defined by the ANSI standard. This book is meant to help the reader learn how to program in C. The book assumes some familiarity with basic programming concepts like variables, assignment statements, loops, and functions. A novice programmer should be able to read along and pick up the language.

This book contains the best papers of the Second International Conference on So- ware and Data Technologies (ICSOFT 2007), held in Barcelona, Spain. It was org- ized by the Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Communication and Control (INSTICC), co-sponsored by the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC), in cooperation with the Interdisciplinary Institute for Collaboration and Research on Enterprise Systems and Technology (IICREST). The purpose of ICSOFT 2007 was to bring together researchers and practitioners int- ested in information technology and software development. The conference tracks were "Software Engineering," "Information Systems and Data Management," "Programming Languages," "Distributed and Parallel Systems" and "Knowledge Engineering." Being crucial for the development of information systems, software and data te- nologies encompass a large number of research topics and applications: from imp- mentation-related issues to more abstract theoretical aspects of software engineering; from databases and data warehouses to management information systems and kno- edge-base systems; next to that, distributed systems, pervasive computing, data quality and other related topics are included in the scope of this conference.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 6th Asian Symposium on Progr- ming Languages and Systems (APLAS 2008), which took place in Bangalore, December 9 - December 11, 2008. The symposium was sponsored by the Asian Association for Foundation of Software (AAFS) and the Indian Institute of S- ence. It was held at the Indian Institute of Science, as part of the institute's centenary celebrations, and was co-located with FSTTCS (Foundations of So- ware Technology and Theoretical Computer Science) 2008, organized by the Indian Association for Research in Computer Science (IARCS). In response to the call for papers, 41 full submissions were received. Each submission was reviewed by at least four Program Committee members with the help of external reviewers. The ProgramCommittee meeting was conducted electronically over a 2-week period. After careful discussion, the Program C- mittee selected 20 papers. I would like to sincerely thank all the members of the APLAS 2008 Program Committee for their excellent job, and all the external reviewers for their invaluable contribution. The submission and review process was managed using the EasyChair system. In addition to the 20 contributed papers, the symposium also featured three invitedtalksbyDinoDistefano(QueenMary, UniversityofLondon, UK), Radha Jagadeesan (DePaul University, USA), and Simon Peyton-Jones (Microsoft - search Cambridge, UK). Many people have helped to promote APLAS as a high-quality forum in Asia to serveprogramminglanguageresearchersworldwide.Following a seriesof well-attendedworkshopsthatwereheldinSingapore(2000), Daejeon(2001), and Shanghai (2002), the ?rst ?ve formal symposiums were held in Beijing (2003), Taipei (2004), Tsukuba (2005), Sydney (2006), and Singapore (2007).

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2009, held in York, UK, in March 2009, as part of ETAPS 2009, the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software.

The 26 revised full papers presented together with two abstracts of invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 98 full paper submissions. The topics addressed are typed functional programming, computational effects, types for object-oriented languages, verification, security, concurrency, service-oriented computing, parallel and concurrent programming.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2009, held in York, UK, in March 2009, as part of ETAPS 2009, the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software.

The 30 revised full papers presented together with 2 tool demonstrations were carefully reviewed and selected from 123 regluar and 9 tool paper submissions. The topics addressed are model-driven development, synthesis and adaptation, modeling, testing and debugging, model analysis, patterns, security, queries and error handling, and tools (demos) and program analysis.

The International Conference on the Computer Processing of Oriental L- guages(ICCPOL)seriesishostedbytheChineseandOrientalLanguagesSociety (COLCS),aninternationalsocietyfoundedin1975.RecentICCPOLeventshave been held in Hong Kong (1997), Tokushima, Japan (1999), Seoul, Korea (2001), Shenyang, China (2003) and Singapore (2006). This volume presents the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference ontheComputerProcessingofOrientalLanguages(ICCPOL2009)heldinHong Kong, March 26-27, 2009. We received 63 submissions and all the papers went through a blind review process by members of the Program Committee. After careful discussion, 25 of them were selected for oral presentation and 15 for poster presentation. The accepted papers covered a variety of topics in natural language processing and its applications, including word segmentation, phrase and term extraction, chunking and parsing, semantic labelling, opinion mining, ontology construction, machine translation, information extraction, document summarization and so on. On behalf of the Program Committee, we would like to thank all authors of submitted papers for their support. We wish to extend our appreciation to the Program Committee members and additional external reviewers for their tremendous e?ort and excellent reviews. We gratefully acknowledge the Or- nizing Committee and Publication Committee members for their generous c- tribution to the success of the conference. We also thank the Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing (AFNLP), the Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, the Department of Systems - gineering and Engineering Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and the Centre for Language Technology, Macquarie University, Australia for their valuable support.

Software-intensive systems have become increasingly important for a multitude of products and services from all sectors of the economy, our national and - ternational infrastructure, and our daily lives. The ongoing decrease in size and cost of microprocessorsandstoragedevicesis leading to the development of ever more distributed and decentralized systems. Systems are assembled as dynamic federationsofautonomousandevolvingcomponents insteadof monolithicapp- cations, they perform tasks of staggering complexity with continuously cha- ing requirements and in a permanently evolving environment. In the near - ture novel technologies will allow the construction of systems with millions of nodes, and systems will be likely to containsubsystems basedonnew computing paradigms such as molecular computing. To identify these emergent trends, their impact on the information society in the next 10-15 years, and the challenges they present to computing, software engineering, cognition and intelligence, the European Commission has estab- 1 lished two Coordinated Actions: initially the project "Beyond the Horizon" 2 and then, starting in 2006, the project "InterLink" . Both projects are coor- nated by the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM EEIG) and funded by the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) Unit of the European Commission. The ongoing project InterLink is composed of three thematic working groups: software-intensive systems and new comp- ingparadigms;ambientcomputingandcommunicationenvironments;intelligent and cognitive systems. This volume presents the results of the working group on software-intensive systemsandnovelcomputing paradigms.Theobjectivewasto imaginethela- scape in which the next generations of software-intensive systems will operate.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages, PADL 2008, held in San Francisco, CA, USA, in January 2008, colocated with POPL 2008, the Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages.

The 20 revised full papers presented together with the abstract of 1 invited talk were carefully reviewed and selected from 44 submissions. The papers address all current aspects of declarative programming and feature original work emphasizing novel applications and implementation techniques for all forms of declarative concepts, including functions, relations, logic, and constraints.

Spring has made a remarkable rise since its conception in 2002. Users find Spring the ideal framework to build their applications in J2EE environments. Beginning Spring 2 is the first and only Spring-authorized book that takes you through the first steps of using Spring, and requires no prior J2EE experience. It discusses relevant integrated technologies that you should be aware of, and illustrates how Spring makes using them easier. The book teaches the correct usage of Spring in applications, and lowers the learning curve on J2EE standards. It covers useful features of Spring without delving too far into complicated features. The authors take advantage of less complex alternatives whenever possible, and shows how Spring can make you more productive in complicated environments where J2EE technologies need to be applied. The book covers the complete Spring web tools portfolio and deals with persistence and transaction management. It also introduces 3-tier application design and how to test these designs.

In recent years, much work has been put into creating programming languages that embody a blend of many of the most admired characteristics of their predecessors. One such language is D, which provides developers with the speed of languages such as C and C++ combined with the power and flexibility of languages such as Ruby and Python.

Learn to Tango with D introduces you to the powerful D language, with special attention given to the Tango software library. A concise yet thorough overview of the language's syntax and features is presented, followed by an introduction to Tango, the popular general-purpose library you'll find invaluable when building your D applications.

Authored by prominent D developers Kris Bell, Lars Ivar Igesund, Sean Kelly, and Michael Parker, this book supplies not only the knowledge required to begin building your own D applications, but also the insight these authors have acquired due to their extensive experience working with and participating in the development of the D language. What you'll learn Gain a solid understanding of the D programming language and the companion Tango library. How to leverage the open source Tango library to build robust cross-platform applications. Why the combination of D and Tango can be the best option for your next application. Who is this book for?

Programmers wishing to learn more about the D language and the Tango library.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Runtime Verification, RV 2007, held in Vancouver, Canada, in August 2007 as satellite workshop of AoSD 2007, the International Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development.

The 16 revised full papers presented together with 1 invited paper were carefully selected from 29 initial submissions. The subject covers several technical fields such as specification languages and logics, aspect oriented languages with trace predicates, program instrumentation in general, program guidance in general, combining static and dynamic analysis, and dynamic program analysis. There are 7 papers that focus on aspect-oriented programming followed by 9 papers which place emphasis on core runtime verification.

The growing complexity of modern software systems increases the di?culty of ensuring the overall dependability of software-intensive systems. Complexity of environments, in which systems operate, high dependability requirements that systems have to meet, as well as the complexity of infrastructures on which they rely make system design a true engineering challenge. Mastering system complexity requires design techniques that support clear thinking and rigorous validation and veri?cation. Formal design methods help to achieve this. Coping with complexity also requires architectures that are t- erant of faults and of unpredictable changes in environment. This issue can be addressed by fault-tolerant design techniques. Therefore, there is a clear need of methods enabling rigorous modelling and development of complex fault-tolerant systems. This bookaddressessuchacuteissues indevelopingfault-tolerantsystemsas: - Veri?cation and re?nement of fault-tolerant systems - Integrated approaches to developing fault-tolerant systems - Formal foundations for error detection, error recovery, exception and fault handling - Abstractions, styles and patterns for rigorousdevelopment of fault tolerance - Fault-tolerant software architectures - Development and application of tools supporting rigorous design of depe- able systems - Integrated platforms for developing dependable systems - Rigorous approaches to speci?cation and design of fault tolerance in novel computing systems TheeditorsofthisbookwereinvolvedintheEU(FP-6)projectRODIN(R- orous Open Development Environment for Complex Systems), which brought together researchers from the fault tolerance and formal methods communi- 1 ties. In 2007 RODIN organized the MeMoT workshop held in conjunction with the Integrated Formal Methods 2007 Conference at Oxford University.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Model Checking and Artificial Intelligence, MOCHART 2008, held in Patras, Greece, in July 2008 as a satellite event of ECAI 2008, the 18th biannual European conference on Artificial Intelligence.

The 9 revised full workshop papers presented together with 2 invited lectures have gone through two rounds of reviewing and improvement and were carefully selected for inclusion in the book. The workshop covers all ideas, research, experiments and tools that relate to both MC and AI fields.

Assuming readers have a basic familiarity with C or C++, Frantisek Franek describes the techniques, methods and tools available to develop effective memory usage. The overwhelming majority of "bugs" and crashes in computer programming stem from problems of memory access, allocation, or deallocation. Such memory related errors are notoriously difficult to resolve. Moreover, the role that memory plays in C and C++ programming is a subject often overlooked in courses and in books. Most professional programmers learn about it entirely through actual experience of the problems it causes.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th Asian Symposium on Programming Languages and Systems, APLAS 2007, held in Singapore, in November/December 2007.

The 25 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 84 submissions. The symposium addresses all issues in programming languages and systems - ranging from foundational to practical issues. The papers focus on topics such as semantics, logics, foundational theory, type systems, language design, program analysis, optimization, transformation, software security, safety, verification, compiler systems, interpreters, abstract machines, domain-specific languages and systems, as well as programming tools and environments.

The best way to learn Rails is by creating a variety of applications with it.

You already know the basics of Rails, and you're familiar with the exciting features and benefits associated with using this Rubybased framework. You're now at the point where you need to gain firsthand experience with Rails by thoroughly exploring the features and building several different types of web applications.

Eldon Alameda takes a focused approach to guiding you through the creation of multiple real-world examples that are designed to get your hands dirty with the core features of Rails, while providing you with the valuable experience of creating real Rails applications.

Projects you'll work on include creating a simple blog with an external API, constructing a workout tracker with a RESTful interface and graphs, and converting an existing PHP site to Rails while adding an advanced JavaScript interface. As an added bonus, the final project makes use of the edge version of Rails as you build an application that utilizes Active Resource, which provides an opportunity to explore the various changes and features that will be included with Rails 2.0. Each project is designed to provide you with the necessary information and tools to give you a running start at solving that problem yourself, and each project includes a number of additional ideas and exercises for ways that you can extend each application to fit your own needs. What you'll learn Implementing caching options Developing applications the RESTful way Adding graphs to your Rails application Connecting to a legacy database Building generators to automate installation of common files Building an XML-RPC API into your Rails applications Who this book is for

This book is for anyone who has gone beyond the basics of Rails and wants to learn higher-level Rails techniques. It is also useful for those experienced in other disciplines (such as Java and PHP) who want to learn Rails.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Compiler Construction, CC 2009, held in York, UK, in March 2009 as part of ETAPS 2009, the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software.

Following a very thorough review process, 18 full research papers were selected from 72 submissions. Topics covered include traditional compiler construction, compiler analyses, runtime systems and tools, programming tools, techniques for specific domains, and the design and implementation of novel language constructs.

Multicore and GPU Programming: An Integrated Approach, Second Edition offers broad coverage of key parallel computing tools, essential for multi-core CPU programming and many-core "massively parallel" computing. Using threads, OpenMP, MPI, CUDA and other state-of-the-art tools, the book teaches the design and development of software capable of taking advantage of modern computing platforms that incorporate CPUs, GPUs and other accelerators. Presenting material refined over more than two decades of teaching parallel computing, author Gerassimos Barlas minimizes the challenge of transitioning from sequential programming to mastering parallel platforms with multiple examples, extensive case studies, and full source code. By using this book, readers will better understand how to develop programs that run over distributed memory machines using MPI, create multi-threaded applications with either libraries or directives, write optimized applications that balance the workload between available computing resources, and profile and debug programs targeting parallel machines.

"Pro Active Record" helps you take advantage of the full power of your database engine from within your Ruby programs and Rails applications. ActiveRecord, part of the magic that makes the Rails framework so powerful and easy to use, is the model element of the Rails Model-View-Controller framework. It's an object-relational mapping library enabling you to interact with databases from both Ruby and Rails applications.

Because ActiveRecord is configured with default assumptions that mesh perfectly with the Rails framework, Rails developers often find they hardly need think about it at all. However, if you are developing in Ruby without Rails, or are deploying against legacy databases designed without Rails in mind, or you just want to take advantage of database-specific features such as large objects and stored procedures, you need the in-depth knowledge of ActiveRecord found in this book.

In "Pro Active Record," authors Kevin Marshall, Chad Pytel, and Jon Yurek walk you through every step from the basics of getting and installing the ActiveRecord library to working with legacy schema to using features specific to each of todays most popular database engines, including Oracle, MS SQL, MySQL, and more You'll come to a deep understanding of ActiveRecord that will enable you to truly exploit all that Ruby, Rails, and your chosen database platform have to offer. Table of Contents Introducing Active Record Active Record and SQL Setting Up Your Database Core Features of Active Record Bonus Features Active Record Testing and Debugging Working with Legacy Schema Active Record and the Real World