This book introduces carbon nanotubes as a matrix for efficient nanohybrid catalysis. The preparation and use of such materials in ultra-grade water purification is described. Simple chemical methods for purification and functionalization of carbon nanotubes prior to their use is also detailed. The author also discusses the potential use of nanotube-based nanobiohybrid catalysts in the removal of organic pollutants.

Part - I 'Introduction' provides a detailed introduction on analysis of water along with parameters to be determined for each industrial use, thus helps to reduce the time required for analysis and labor involved in analysis. In Part - II 'Chemical Analysis', elaborate testing procedures for all the parameters necessary for industrial uses are given. Exclusive chapters in the beginning on 'Sampling of water' and 'Sampling of Boiler water' will provide the analyst a detailed sampling program and the important sampling points so that the analysis would be more meaningful and more useful. Detailed analytical procedure for 65 chemical parameters are given which makes this book a handy reference for carrying out analysis without any difficulty. Part - III 'Microbiological Analysis' deals with the identification and determination of the density of microbial organisms that are likely to interfere in industrial processes. To aid the analyst, separate chapters starting from the Requirement of Chemicals, Glassware and Equipment, Technics involved in Microbiological Analysis, Sampling of Water for Microbiological Examination and Preparation of Media and Reagents, to identification of specific organisms are provided with a detailed discussion. In Part - IV 'Microscopical Examination', a brief account of microscopical organisms is given. The common organisms present in water along with their habitat and significance are also dealt. This book would serve as a handy reference to all wet processing industries. This book would be helpful in multifarious ways to Analysts, Chemists, Engineers, and Managers of industries and Water Treatment Consultants, Firms engaged in Water Treatment and other personnel engaged in water analysis and water treatment. This apart, this book would also be a source book to students of Industrial Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry, Applied chemistry, Environmental Engineering and Environmental Science and other allied faculties of Colleges and Universities.

Haz Waste Treatment Technologies Biologicl

Natural and constructed wetlands play a very important role within the landscape and their ecological services are highly valuable. Water management, including flood water retention, biomass production, carbon sequestration, wastewater treatment and as a biodiversity source are among the most important ecological services of wetlands. In order to provide these services, wetlands need to be properly evaluated, protected and maintained. This book provides results of the latest research in wetland science around the world. Chapters deal with such topics as the use of constructed wetlands for treatment of various types of wastewater, use of constructed wetlands in agroforestry, wetland hydrology and evapotranspiration, the effect of wetlands on landscape temperature, and chemical properties of wetland soils.

Describes dewatering processes for municipal wastewater sludge. Up to date information is provided which a design engineer, or others involved in the decision making process for sludge treatment, can use to select appropriate dewatering processes for particular applications. The object is to reduce sludge volume, producing a sludge which behaves as a solid, not a liquid, and subsequently reducing the cost of treatment and disposal.

This book comprises selected papers from the International Conference on Civil Engineering Trends and Challenges for Sustainability (CTCS) 2019. The book presents latest research in several areas of civil engineering such as construction and structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering and sustainability, and geographical information systems. With a special emphasis on sustainable development, the book covers case studies and addresses key challenges in sustainability. The scope of the contents makes the book useful for students, researchers, and professionals interested in sustainable practices in civil engineering.

This book reviews the latest advances in the bioelectrochemical degradation of recalcitrant environmental contaminants. The first part introduces readers to the basic principles and methodologies of bioelectrochemical systems, electron-respiring microorganisms, the electron transfer mechanism and functional electrode materials. In turn, the second part addresses the bioelectrochemical remediation/treatment of various environmental pollutants (including highly toxic refractory organics, heavy metals, and nitrates) in wastewater, sediment and wetlands. Reactor configuration optimization, hybrid technology amplification and enhanced removal principles and techniques are also discussed. The book offers a valuable resource for all researchers and professionals working in environmental science and engineering, bioelectrochemistry, environmental microbiology and biotechnology.

This book focuses on innovative treatment technologies for the elimination of emerging contaminants in wastewater and drinking water treatment processes. The book also discusses sources and occurrence of emerging contaminants in municipal and industrial waste, giving an overview of state-of-the-art analytical methods for their identification. Further important aspects covered include the acute and chronic effects and overall impact of emerging contaminants on the environment.

Contents - PART 1. NATURAL WATER SUPPLIES - Rain water - Surface water - River water - Spring water - Well water - Canal water - Pit water - Effects of drought - Condensate as feed water - Water blending - PART 2. SCALE FORMATION - Effect of scale - Lime-soda process - Hot lime-soda softening - General notes on plant - Nuclear precipitation - Caustic soda softening - Sodium aluminate with lime-soda treatment - Zeolite or base-exchange softeners - Partial Zeolite softening - Hydrogen and demineralizing zeolites - Lime-base exchange treatment - The B.B.A. dejector - Lime-Barium softeners - Necessity for conditioning boiler feed - Colloidal conditioning- Mechanism of scale formation - Carbonate and phosphate conditioning - Use of metaphosphate and pyrophosphate - Budenheim phosphate treatment - Silica scales and deposits - Turbine blade deposits - Potassium treatment - Chlorination of condenser cooling water - Scale formation in cooling water systems - Scale formation in economizers - Electrical scale prevention - Removal of scales and deposits - PART 3.CORROSION - Early theories of corrosion- Corrosion by differential aeration - Dissolved oxygen Deaeration by chemical methods - Deaeration by physical methods - Corrosion due to unstable salts - Danger of soft water Corrosion by carbon dioxide - Superheater and turbine corrosion - Economizer corrosion- The treatment of alkaline waters - Caustic embrittlement - Hydrogen ion concentration - Determination of pH values - Hydrogen ions and corrosion - Coagulation control - Softening plant control - Boiler water recirculation - Electrical methods of preventing corrosion - PART 4. FOAMING AND PRIMING - Causes of priming - Balanced layer film formation - Foam stabilization - Prevention of priming - Blow-down control - Intermittent blow-down - Continuous blow-down systems - Use of condensate and blending of waters - Removal of oil from water - Methods of de-oiling water - PART 5.ANALYSIS AND ROUTINE TESTING - Sampling- Standard solutions - Frequency of analyses - Units - Control tests for softening - Raw water - Chemicals required for treatment - Control tests for softening - Treated water - Tests for carbonate and phosphate conditioning - Dissolved oxygen - Blow-down testing - Embrittlement ratios - General water analysis - Analysis of scales- Residual chlorine - Tannins - Appendix - Index - Standard solutions - Reagents-Clark's table of hardnesses - Chemical factors - Conversion tables - Summary of recommended practice -

The concept for the Water Environment of Cities arose from a workshop "Green 1 Cities, Blue Waters" workshop held in 2006. The workshop assembled experts from engineering, planning, economics, law, hydrology, aquatic ecology, geom- phology, and other disciplines to present research ?ndings and identify key new ideas on the urban water environment. At a lunch discussion near the end of the workshop, several of us came to the recognition that despite having considerable expertise in a narrow discipline, none of us had a vision of the "urban water en- ronment" as a whole. We were, as in the parable, blind men at opposite ends of the elephant, knowinga great deal about the parts, but notunderstandingthe whole. We quickly recognized the need to develop a book that would integrate this knowledge to create this vision. The goal was to develop a book that could be used to teach a complete, multidisciplinary course, "The Urban Water Environment," but could also be used as a supplemental text for courses on urban ecosystems, urban design, landscapearchitecture, water policy, waterqualitymanagement andwatershed m- agement. The book is also valuable as a reference source for water professionals stepping outside their arena of disciplinary expertise. The Water Environment of Cities is the ?rst book to use a holistic, interdis- plinary approach to examine the urban water environment. We have attempted to portrayaholisticvisionbuiltaround theconcept of water as a coreelement ofcities. Water has multipleroles: municipalwatersupply, aquatichabitat, landscapeaesth- ics, and recreation. Increasingly, urban water is reused, serving multiple purposes.

This volume presents a unique and comprehensive glimpse of current and emerging issues of concern related to potable water. The themes discussed include: (1) historical perspective of the evolution of drinking water science and technology and drinking water standards and regulations; (2) emerging contaminants, water distribution problems and energy demand for water treatment and transportation; and (3) using alternative water sources and methods of water treatment and distribution that could resolve current and emerging global potable problems. This volume will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and environmental engineering students interested in global potable water sustainability and a guide to experts affiliated with international agencies working toward providing safe water to global communities.

This volume is of great importance to humans and other living organisms. The study of water quality draws information from a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology, mathematics, physics, engineering, and resource management. University training in water quality is often limited to specialized courses in engineering, ecology, and fisheries curricula. This book also offers a basic understanding of water quality to professionals who are not formally trained in the subject. The revised third edition updates and expands the discussion, and incorporates additional figures and illustrative problems. Improvements include a new chapter on basic chemistry, a more comprehensive chapter on hydrology, and an updated chapter on regulations and standards. Because it employs only first-year college-level chemistry and very basic physics, the book is well-suited as the foundation for a general introductory course in water quality. It is equally useful as a guide for self-study and an in-depth resource for general readers.

A prime concern in contemporary environmental science is the proper management of water supply and usage. It is critical to develop effective processes to manage these resources and decrease negative impacts on the ecosystem. Hydrology and Water Resource Management: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is an innovative source of scholarly research on the latest technologies and techniques in optimizing current processes in managing water resources. Highlighting a range of pertinent topics such as climate change, sustainability, and water treatment, this book is an ideal reference source for engineers, professionals, researchers, students, and academics interested in emerging trends within environmental science.

The focus of this book is on the key water-related vulnerabilities to climate change in Africa, particularly in its most vulnerable areas, exploring potential management responses to such vulnerabilities. The African countries are particularly exposed and vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change, with important impacts on water resources and hydrological systems, water availability, water resource management and sea level variations. Already, under various anthropogenic pressures, the status of water resources in Africa has been changing over the past decades, with decreasing water quality, falling groundwater levels, and variability in rainfall, both in terms of timing and intensity. Climate change will further accelerate the rate of change, affecting the ability of people and societies to respond in a timely manner. It is clear that there is no quick fix to the pressures imposed on water resources by climate change. Increasing the resilience of ecosystems and communities to extreme events such as flooding and drought, and integrating climate change risks and opportunities into development decision-making is indeed a key challenge, as much a technical climate-change one, as a political and developmental challenge. The book, in this regard, intends to contribute to the debate around climate change in relation to water resources management in Africa, and in particular inform policy decisions and actions that will improve governments' and communities' ability to manage the challenges of climate change and variability in relation to the aquatic ecosystems that they depend on. The knowledge collected in this book will benefit policy makers, researchers, as well as other stakeholders.

Water scarcity and the need for ecological sustainability have led to the introduction of treated waste water as an additional water resource in the national water resource management plans of Mediterranean countries. Summarizing the results generated within the European Union-funded project "INNOVA-MED, "this volume highlights the following topics: Application of innovative technologies and practices for waste water treatment and reuse adapted to the Mediterranean regionConstraints on the application of advanced treatments and reuse of reclaimed water and sludgeProblems and requirements of sustainable water management in the Mediterranean area

The book includes several examples of Mediterranean countries, such as Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Palestine and Spain, and presents their practical experiences in the application of innovative processes and practices for waste water treatment and reuse. "

The book focuses on the management of the aquatic environment. It is aimed at scientists, students, governmental officials and specialists dealing with groundwater and environment. Its main goal is to inform the reader of ideas, knowledge and experience in terms of a sustainable aquatic environment. The main topics are as follows: Water Bodies and Ecosystems; Climate Change and Water Bodies; Water quality and agriculture; Interaction of Surface and ground waters; Karst Hydrogeology; Continuous Media Hydrogeology; Fissured Rocks Hydrogeology; Hydrochemistry; Geothermics and thermal waters; The role of water in construction projects; Hydrology

Many cooling systems use water as cooling medium. They are found in public buildings, industrial production systems or power plants. Almost every cooling system using water is degraded by deposition, corrosion and microbiological fouling.

This book identifies the whole bunch of problems due to water cooling systems and proposes specific solutions to all of them. The authors have an expertise of over 20 years solving cooling water problems. In this book, they advise all practitioners which need to plan, buy or operate cooling systems.

This book mainly focuses on ecological approaches for preventing and controlling non-point source (NPS) pollution on the basis of forestry measures. In addition to the effects of ecological control, it introduces readers to the characteristics of NPS pollution in Taihu Lake watershed, water eutrophication evaluation methods, and potential countermeasures. Given the crucial role of surface runoff and soil erosion in producing water pollution, the book presents forestry measures to combat them, such as the creation of public welfare forests, urban forestry, planting techniques for hedgerows on slope land, the establishment of shelter belts, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by hydrophytes, and sustainable management for wetlands. Moreover, the results are supplemented by a wealth of numerical calculations, tables, figures and photographs. The book offers a valuable guide for researchers, educators and professionals working in the areas of water environment, water security and ecological construction. Prof. Jianfeng Zhang works at the Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China.

Describes technologies for upgrading existing or designing new drinking water treatment facilities. Prefiltration, filtration, disinfection, and organic and inorganic contaminants are covered. Particular solutions for small community water treatment plants (2500-100,000 gpd) are described, along with 13 " case studies" .

This book presents new concepts as well as practical applications and experiences in the field of information technology for environmental engineering. The book has three main focus areas: firstly, it shows how information technologies can be employed to support natural resource management and conservation, environmental engineering, scientific simulation and integrated assessment studies. Secondly, it demonstrates the application of computing in the everyday practices of environmental engineers, natural scientists, economists and social scientists. And thirdly, it demonstrates how the complexity of natural phenomena can be approached using interdisciplinary methods, where computer science offers the infrastructure needed for environmental data collection and management, scientific simulations, decision support documentation and reporting.The book collects selected papers presented at the 7th International Symposium on Environmental Engineering, held in Port Elizabeth, South Africa in July 2015. It discusses recent success stories in eco-informatics, promising ideas and new challenges from the interdisciplinary viewpoints of computer scientists, environmental engineers, economists and social scientists, demonstrating new paradigms for problem-solving and decision-making.

This book gathers contributions discussing climate change in Egypt from an agricultural perspective. Written by leading experts, it presents state-of-the-art insights and the latest research developments in light of the most recent IPCC report. Focusing on identifying the specific phenomena that affect climate change in Egypt, the book also addresses the effects of climate change in Egypt, particularly examining the quality and quantity of water resources as well as the socio-economic impacts of climate change on agricultural activities. Furthermore, it explores alternative solutions to support agriculture and food security and raises awareness of adaptation and protection as the key to adapting to the risks posed by climate change. Covering the four fundamental pillars of climate change: food security, availability, access and stability, this book is a valuable resource for stakeholders involved in achieving the 2030 sustainable development goals in Egypt and all countries with similar climatic conditions. It is also a unique source of information and updates on climate change impacts for graduates, researchers, policy planners, and decision-makers.

This book explores a new framework of Adaptive Water Management (AWM) for evaluating existing approaches in urban water management. It highlights the need to adopt multidisciplinary strategies in water management while providing an in-depth understanding of institutional interactions amongst different water related sectors. The key characteristics of AWM i.e. polycentric governance, organisational flexibility and public participation are investigated and described through a critical review of the relevant literature. The book presents an empirical case study undertaken in a selected developing-country city to investigate the potential gaps between the current water management approaches and possible implementation of AWM. Feasibility of AWM operations is examined in an environment surrounded by established water management structure with centralised governance and an institutional process based on technical flexibility. The key elements of AWM performance are (re)structured and transformed into decision support systems. Multi criteria decision models are developed to facilitate quantification and visualization of the elements derived from the case study, which is involved with water companies and water consumers. The book describes how the concept of AWM, along with structuring suitable decision support systems, can be developed and applied to developing-country cities. The book highlights the barriers for applying the AWM strategies that include established centralised decision making, bureaucratic interactions with external organisations, lack of organisational flexibility within the institutions, and lack of recognition of public role in water management. The findings outline that despite the lack of adaptability in the current water management in the case study, as an example of developing countries, there are positive attitudes among water professionals and the public towards adaptability through public-institutional participation.