This guide details the techniques and numerical procedures required for numerical modelling of radioactivity dispersion in marine environments. The book goes beyond the basics of hydrodynamic modeling to analyze the latest trends in modeling.

This book is designed to bridge the gap between handbooks and technical literature and is intended to serve the research needs of both academic and industrial scientists and graduate students. It begins with a discussion on reactive extraction systems and provides a state-of-the-art description of phase equilibria in reacting liquid-liquid systems. The following chapter discusses reactive mass transfer with a focus on transfer regimes, surfactant layers, zeta potential and experimental techniques. A brief summary on current developments and not common extraction techniques is also offered.A program for column design (http://www.uni-kl.de/LS-Bart/dae99.html) which is available from the author's homepage (http://www.uni-kl.de/LS-Bart/) is described in Appendix X, and references to other license free codes in the web are also given.

Wetland Systems covers broad water and environmental engineering aspects relevant for the drainage and treatment of storm water and wastewater. It provides a descriptive overview of complex 'black box' treatment systems and the general design issues involved. Standard and novel design recommendations for predominantly constructed wetlands and related sustainable drainage systems are given to take into account the interests of professional engineers and environmental scientists. Wetland Systems deals comprehensively with not only the design, operation, maintenance and water quality monitoring of traditional and novel wetland systems, but also covers: * Analysis of asset performance * Modelling of treatment processes * Performances of existing infrastructure * Sustainability and economic issues Solutions to pressing water quality problems associated with constructed treatment wetlands, integrated constructed wetlands, farm constructed wetlands and storm water ponds, and other sustainable biological filtration and treatment technologies linked to public health engineering are explained. Case study topics are diverse: natural wetlands and constructed treatment wetlands; sustainable water management; and specific applications, such as wetlands treating hydrocarbons. The research projects discussed are multi-disciplinary, holistic, experimental and modelling-orientated. Wetland Systems is a useful reference for the design and operation of wetland systems by engineers and scientists working for the water industry, non-governmental organisations, local authorities and governmental bodies. It is also a valuable text for undergraduate and postgraduate students, lecturers and researchers in civil and environmental engineering fields.

Biological treatment, new designs for waste sites, computer models of pollution situations, and the latest in lining and other containment options are covered in this volume. It also discusses techniques for discovering and identifying sources of contamination.

This manual is intended as a source document for individuals responsible for improving the performance of an existing, non-complying wastewater treatment facility. Described are: 1) methods to evaluate an existing facility's capability to achieve improved performance, 2) a process for systematically improving its performance, and 3) details on how to modify the facility to achieve the required levels of performance. The manual emphasizes meeting National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements for secondary treatment facilities (30 mg/L BODs and TSS). Though the manual is not intended to describe cost saving options or to present alternatives for designing new facilities for expansion purposes (i.e., to provide increased hydraulic and/or BOD loading capacity), in some cases the approach and modifications described may result in cost savings and/or increased capacity.
The need for better treatment performance from existing facilities is widespread. Usually the most cost effective approach for owners to achieve compliance is to optimize existing facilities either in terms of capital or operational improvements. Recent events have provided impetus to this approach by increasing incentives for improving existing plant performance.

With increasing government regulation of pollution, as well as willingness to levy punitive fines for transgressions, treatment of industrial waste is a important subject. This book is a single source of information on treatment procedures using biochemical means for all types of solid, liquid and gaseous contaminants generated by various chemical and allied industries.
This book is intended for practicing environmental engineers and technologists from any industry as well as researchers and professors. The topics covered include the treatment of gaseous, liquid and solid waste from a large number of chemical and allied industries that include dye stuff, chemical, alcohol, food processing, pesticide, pharmaceuticals, paint etc. Information on aerobic and anaerobic reactors and modeling and simulation of waste treatment systems are also discussed.
* Compares chemical and biochemical means of industrial waste treatment
* Provides details of technology (i.e. reactors, operating conditions etc) with regard to the biochemistry aspects.
* Can be used as a teaching aid for graduate courses and a reference material by practicing environmental scientists and engineers.
* Researchers can extract synergy between treatment procedures and various effluents.

This book covers important aspects of the field of food security and safety, ranging from fundamental production, through advanced water treatment technologies and detection of novel pollutants, to management and policy making. The discussion strives to develop an integrated approach to solving the associated problems by simultaneously considering sociological, ecological and economic aspects. Special focus is on the environmental management systems that should be integrated in the processes of environmental risk assessment. Also addressed are other technologies applied in the service of detecting, preventing and monitoring possible threats to food security and safety. With its variety of subjects, this volume can serve both as a textbook for advanced studies and as a useful reference source for professionals.

A guide to selecting the proper phosphorus removal strategy in wastewater treatment.

Polymers, main components of plastics and rubbers, are being discarded in increasing quantities. But this waste can also be considered as plastic gold'. Public concern, coupled with the inherent value of the material, means that recycling is imperative. The present book presents a survey of current knowledge in the form of case studies, including current legal and educational issues. Topics covered also include regulation and practice in NATO countries, the economics of recycling, the reprocessing of single polymers and mixtures, and future prospects and strategies. Audience: Vital reading for all polymer scientists, technicians and engineers.

A clear, up-to-date presentation of the principles of flow in open channels

A fundamental knowledge of flow in open channels is essential for the planning and design of systems to manage water resources. Open-Channel Flow conveys this knowledge through the use of practical problems that can be solved either analytically or by simple numerical methods that do not require the use of computer software.

This completely up-to-date text includes several features not found in any other book on the subject. It derives one- dimensional equations of motion using both a simplified approach and a rigorous approach, and it explains the distinction between the momentum and mechanical energy equations. The author places great emphasis on identifying the types and locations of the control sections that are essential in analyzing flow profiles, and he includes a section on recently recognized nonunique flow profiles.

Offering numerous worked examples that are helpful in understanding the basic principles and their practical applications, this book:

• Presents the latest computational methods for profiling spatially varied and unsteady flow
• Includes end-of-section exercises that measure and build understanding
• Fully explains governing equations in algebraic and differential form
• Brings sluice-gate analysis completely up to date
• Covers artificial channel controls such as weirs, spillways, and gates, and special topics such as transitions in supercritical flow and flow through culverts

Written in metric units throughout, this excellent learning tool for senior- and graduate-level students in civil and environmental engineering programs is also a useful reference for practicing civil and environmental engineers.

Sustainability is a growing area of research in ecology, economics, environmental science, business, and cultural studies. Specifically, sustainable waste disposal and management is a growing concern as both solid and liquid wastes are rapidly expanding in direct correlation with population growth and improved economic conditions across regions. The Handbook of Research on Waste Management Techniques for Sustainability explores the topic of sustainable development in an era where domestic and municipal waste is becoming a concern for both human and environmental health. Highlighting a number of topics relating to pollution, green initiatives, and waste reduction in both the public and private sector, this research-based publication is designed for use by environmental scientists, business executives, researchers, graduate-level students, and policymakers seeking the latest information on sustainability in business, medicine, agriculture, and society.

This book reviews a selection of organic-geochemical investigations, dealing with the characterization and environmental behaviour of organic contaminations of German river and groundwater systems. Topics include comprehensive non-target screening as well as isotope analysis of contaminants in water and sediments, detailed characterisation of bound residues, recording riverine pollution histories and an extensive application of the anthropogenic marker approach.

The bioseparation engineering of today includes downstream process engineering such as waste water, material and gas treatment. Taking this tendency into account, bioseparation engineers gathered in Japan as a special research group under the main theme of "Recovery and Recycle of Resources to Protect the Global Environment."

The scope of this book is based on the conference, and deals not only with recent advances in bioseparation engineering in a narrow sence, but also the environmental engineering which includes waste water treatment and bioremediation. The contributors of this book cover many disciplines such as chemical engineering, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and microbiology.

"Bioseparation Engineering" will stimulate young engineers and scientists who will develop bioseparation engineering further in the 21st century, and contribute to a world-wide attention to the global environment

This book addresses most of the environmental impacts of sand mining from small rivers The problems and solutions addressed in this book are applicable to all rivers that drain through densely populated tropical coasts undergoing rapid economic growth. Many rivers in the world are drastically being altered to levels often beyond their natural resilience capability. Among the different types of human interventions, mining of sand and gravel is the most disastrous one, as the activity threatens the very existence of river ecosystem. A better understanding of sand budget is necessary if the problems of river and coastal environments are to be solved.

This book reviews health hazards associated with wastewater use and water pollutants. Chapters present applications of green materials made of agricultural waste, activated carbon and magnetic materials for wastewater treatment. The removal of toxic metals using algal biomass and the removal of toxic dyes using chitosan composite materials are also discussed. The book includes reviews on the removal of phenols, pesticides, and on the use of ionic liquid-modified activated carbon for the treatment of textile wastewater.

This book presents the gatherings of the "2016 International Conference on Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering," which primarily focused on the sustainable development of water resources and the environment in both China and the United States. The respective papers cover a wide variety of research areas, including watershed hydrology; river hydraulics; groundwater hydrology; water resources management and sustainability development; water supply planning under climate change; water quality analysis and water pollution; sponge city development and urban watershed management; environment and sustainability; global connections between air and water; and irrigation and drainage issues for agricultural engineering. The contributions will be of interest to a global readership and highlight the emerging problems facing developing countries, as well as research and measures to successfully deal with them and promote a greener and more eco-friendly living environment.

Provides information on the application of point-of-use (POU), and point-of-entry (POE) systems for treating drinking water. Covers administrative and technical aspects of utilizing POU/POE systems to solve small community as well as individual drinking water problems.

This book gathers selected papers presented at the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics (ICEG), held on October 28 - November 1, 2018 in Hangzhou, China. The theme of the congress is "Towards a Sustainable Geoenvironment", which means meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Under this theme, the congress covers a broad range of topics and provides an excellent opportunity for academics, engineers, scientists, government officials, regulators, and planners to present, discuss and exchange notes on the latest advances and developments in the research and application of environmental geotechnics.

Today synthetic dyes are used extensively in the textile dyeing, paper printing, color photography, pharmaceuticals, food and drink, cosmetic and leather industries. As of now, over 100,000 different dyes are available, with an annual production of over 700,000 metric tons. These industries discharge an enormous amount of colored effluents into natural water bodies, with or without treatment. The textile industry alone discharges 280,000 tons of dyes every year, making it the largest contributor to colored effluent discharge. Although a variety of treatment technologies are available, including adsorption, chemical oxidation, precipitation, coagulation, filtration electrolysis and photodegradation, biological and microbiological methods employing activated sludge, pure cultures, microbial consortia and degradative enzymes are economically viable, effective and environmentally responsible options. As such, this book gathers review articles from international experts working on the microbial degradation of synthetic dyes, offering readers the latest information on the subject. It is intended as a quick reference guide for academics, scientists and industrialists around the world.

Metals in Wastes is an excellent guide for scientists, students, engineers, chemists, and industrial chemists who are looking for knowledge of the main sources of metals in industrial wastes. Metals are valuable materials that can be recycled again and again without degrading their properties. The recycling of metals enables us to preserve natural resources while requiring less energy to process than the manufacture of new products using virgin raw materials. A team of experts reviews the state-of-the-art and provides the readers not only with a comprehensive in-depth overview of the main composition of wastes but also discloses innovative methods which have been applied for recovery of critical and valuable metals in petrochemical industry, rubber, energy and automotive industries. This know-how could be considered as a useful reference tool for moving towards the zero-waste economy. Additionally, the book describes the economic aspects of metals recovery from various sources. This is essential for those already involved in the metals business and also for the financial, investment and advisory community internationally.

While extensive research has been performed on many technological aspects of permeable reactive barriers and a number of contaminants have so far been successfully treated by PRB systems, long-term performance has not been extensively considered and little is known about the processes influencing long-term behaviour. This gap in our knowledge is all the more disadvantageous as design life has a decisive influence on the economic viability of PRBs.

The book describes methods for evaluation and enhancement of the long-term performance of PRB systems, especially of those targeting heavy metals, specifically uranium, and organic contaminants by sorption and/or precipitation mechanisms. Major topics in the book are:

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• Selection and characterisation of suitable reactive materials
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• Characterisation of the relevant contaminant attenuation processes
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• Developing new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands")
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• Accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance of the attenuation mechanisms in PRBs
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• Evaluation of the influence of site characteristics on PRB performance
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• Monitoring of existing and new field installations
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• Coupling of electrokinetic techniques and PRB systems
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• Large-scale laboratory and field tests and their results
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It addresses the long-term performance of PRBs, an important feature of this novel remediation technology, systematically. It deals extensively with heavy metal removal, with special emphasis on uranium. A number of case studies, experiences with large-scale modelling and test site experiments provide insight into thepractical application of the results. This volume will contribute to the science underpinning groundwater remediation, and this will result in the improvement of quality of life and health and safety.
* A systematic approach to investigating the long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers
* Development of new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands"), accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance, and efficiency enhancing electrokinetic techniques
* Extensive data and information on a Hungarian uranium mining facility; once a carefully kept secret of the Soviet Union

This is a collection of methods of practical design, calculation and numerical examples that illustrate how organized, analytical reasoning can lead to the discovery of clear, direct solutions to pollution especially in the areas of biosolids management, treatment, disposal and beneficial use. The book contains an extensive collection of detailed design examples and case histories, and a distinguished panel of authors provides insight into a range of topics.

This volume focuses on practical aspects of sustainable water management in urban areas and presents a discussion of key concepts, methodologies, and case studies of innovative and evolving technologies. Topics include: (1) challenges in urban water resiliency; (2) water and energy nexus; (3) integrated urban water management; and (4) water reuse options (black water, gray water, rainwater). This volume serves as a useful reference for students and researchers involved in holistic approaches to water management, and as a valuable guide to experts in governmental agencies as well as planners and engineers concerned with sustainable water management systems in urban environments.