Part of Groundwater Set - Buy all six books and save over 30% on buying separately! Groundwater serves many purposes. It is a source of public and private drinking water, it is utilized as an industrial feedstock and it is used in agriculture for irrigation and cattle watering. The abstraction of groundwater also serves many civil engineering purposes such as structures, construction pit dewatering and remediation of polluted groundwater. Furthermore, groundwater is increasingly used for supply and storage of energy for the cooling and heating of buildings. Many wells abstracting groundwater suffer from impaired performance as a result of clogging by mechanical or biogeochemical processes. This represents a significant economic loss due to volume reductions, cost of well rehabilitations or construction of new wells. Cause and Prevention of Clogging of Wells Abstracting Groundwater from Unconsolidated Aquifers provides a comprehensive description of the various causes and processes associated with well clogging in addition to describing methodologies for diagnosis and prevention.

Special Offer: KWR Drinking Water Treatment Set - Buy all five books together and save GBP119! Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) uses advanced numerical models to predict flow, mixing and (bio)-chemical reactions. In drinking water engineering, CFD is increasingly applied to predict the performance of treatment installations and to optimise these installations. A lack of understanding of the hydraulics in drinking water treatment systems has resulted in suboptimal design of installations. The formation of unwanted disinfection-by-products and the energy consumption or use of chemicals is therefore higher than necessary. The aim of this work is to better understand the hydraulic and (bio)-chemical processes in drinking water treatment installations using experimental and numerical techniques. By combining these techniques, CFD modelling is further developed as a tool to evaluate the performance of these installations. This leads to new insights in the applicability of models in ozone and UV systems, and new insights in design concepts of these systems. CFD modelling proves to be a powerful tool to understand the hydrodynamic and (bio)-chemical processes in drinking water systems. If applied properly, accounting for the complex turbulent motions and validated by experiments, this tool leads to a better design of UV reactors, ozone systems and other systems dictated by hydraulics.

Part of Water Quality Set - Buy all four books and save over 30% on buying separately! Drinking Water Quality Management from Catchment to Consumer is a best practice book that builds on the experience of water suppliers and experts across the world in order to provide a practical guide to help utilities improve the management of drinking water quality. It is based on the Water Safety Plan approach and the principles of the Bonn Charter for Safe Drinking Water, and is intended to complement and support other relevant publications particularly the WHO Water Safety Plan Manual. It has evolved from the work of The Bonn Network which is a global group of water suppliers originally established to develop and share best practice in drinking water quality management based on the Bonn Charter. The emphasis is on practical information "by operators for operators", learning from the experience of a range of water suppliers across the world. The book supports and encourages users to think through the best way for them to improve drinking water quality management taking account of local factors. It recognises that whilst water suppliers are central to the provision of good drinking water, this has to take place within a broader legal, institutional, and financial framework which is the responsibility of Government and others. It thus highlights the ways that water suppliers can work with a range of partners to ensure that all are committed to the same goal of good safe drinking water. Drinking Water Quality Management from Catchment to Consumer is an essential reference for water quality, laboratory and operational managers from water utilities around the world. It is also helpful to consultants working in this area and regulatory, health and municipal, and catchment management authorities. The book is of interest to academics working in the field of drinking water quality, and risk management and may be used on any courses aimed at managing drinking water quality.

This book is an unique integrated treatise, on the concepts of fractional calculus as models with applications in hydrology, soil science and geomechanics. The models are primarily fractional partial differential equations (fPDEs), and in limited cases, fractional differential equations (fDEs). It develops and applies relevant fPDEs and fDEs mainly to water flow and solute transport in porous media and overland, and in some cases, to concurrent flow and energy transfer. It is an integrated resource with theory and applications for those interested in hydrology, hydraulics and fluid mechanics. The self-contained book summaries the fundamentals for porous media and essential mathematics with extensive references supporting the development of the model and applications.

Water quality processes in the drinking water distribution network are strongly influenced by the flow velocity and residence time of the water in the network. In order to understand how the water quality changes in the drinking water distribution network, a good understanding of hydraulics is required. Specifically in the periphery of the network, where customers are connected, the hydraulics can change rapidly. During the night time the water is almost stagnant and the residence time increases. In the morning, when everybody gets up and flushes the toilet and takes a shower, high flow velocities can occur. During the remainder of the day flow velocities are low. The stochastic endues model SIMDEUM was developed to simulate water use on a small time scale (1 s) and small spatial scale (per fixture). SIMDEUM enables a good model of flow velocities, residence times and the connected water quality processes in the water distribution network. Stochastic Water Demand Modelling: Hydraulics in Water Distribution Networks describes the requirements of hydraulics in water quality modelling and provides insight into the development of detailed residential and non-residential water demand models. The book illustrates the use of detailed demand models in water quality models with respect to the variation in residence times and the relation with particle accumulation and resuspension. The models are compared to measurements in several real drinking water distribution networks.

Nuclear technology places special demands on society and both nuclear weapons and nuclear energy for peaceful purposes require a large measure of security and monitoring at the international level.

This book focuses on nuclear waste management, which can work in democratic countries only if viewed as legitimate by the population. This book posits the inability of democracies to establish such legitimacy as an explanation for the current absence of public policy decisions that can identify a solution. The problems are such that they can be resolved only if fundamental aspects of the modern notion of legitimacy are set aside.

Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Processes: History and Development discusses the widely differing influences on the development of aerobic treatment such as water supply, toxic trade effluents, microscopy and population growth in urban areas. It covers the historical development of sewage treatment and the emergence of aerobic biological treatment from the early nineteenth century to the present day. The importance of water supply and the influence this had on the water-carriage system is examined, as is the consequent discharge of sewage into rivers. The factors which govern process selection and process development are discussed. There is a continued impetus to reduce land area, capital costs, running costs, and to optimise performance and process control. The discovery of the activated sludge process is detailed including the development, in the early 1900s, of many forms of this process. Industrial wastes were discharged to biological treatment systems and the impact of such pollutants is reviewed. The work of Royal Commissions, River Boards and the National Rivers Authority is summarised, and the advances in chemical analysis and "on-line" measurement of chemical quality characteristics. Later developments such as reed beds and the use of hybrid treatment systems are covered. Examples are included such as the "fixed film" activated sludge process which has found application for small communities in package form, and also for large-scale municipal treatment plants. Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Processes: History and Development is valuable reading for students of the following courses on CIWEM Dip examination, WITA and B Tech and Environmental Science and Civil Engineering.

This book provides an ecosystem perspective in addressing the water resource management issues in the South Asian region. It argues that aspects such as sources of water, its distribution and users; land--water interrelations; drivers of change such as laws, policies and institutions; management of issues and technologies related to water supply; institutional set-up; economic instruments such as pricing, taxes, subsidies; and economics of ecosystem services are crucial. Climate changes, melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, rising sea level and the increased frequency of extreme events, have to be factored into integrated management of water resources. This book addresses some of these major issues related to aquatic ecosystems and focuses on three major aspects: (a) concepts related to ecosystems, ecosystem services and their linkages with water; (b) human impacts on ecosystems, particularly the aquatic ecosystems, and their assessment; and (c) the management, including policy, governance and economics. Comprising new theories, research and case studies, the book will be useful those concerned with water resource management -- professionals, students and researchers.

The Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) Nutrient Challenge Research Program and the Water Environment Federation (WEF) cooperated in a comprehensive study of nutrient removal plants designed and operated to meet very low levels of effluent N and P. Both existing and new technologies are being adapted to meet requirements that are as low as 3 mg/L TN and 0.1 mg/L TP, and there is a need to define their capabilities and reliabilities in the real world situation of wastewater treatment plants. This effort focused on maximizing what can be learned from existing technologies in order to provide a database that will inform key decision makers about proper choices for both technologies and rationale bases for statistical permit writing. To this end, managers of 22 plants, 10 achieving low effluent TP, 9 achieving low effluent TN, and 3 achieving low effluent ammonia, were asked to provide 3 years of operational data that were analyzed using a consistent statistical approach. Technical papers were compiled for each plant including a summary of influent loading, process design and operating conditions, unusual events, upsets and anecdotes related to process operation, and the statistical summary of final effluent data that considered both process reliability and the permit limits applied. The first year of this effort culminated in a workshop held in Chicago at WEFTEC 2008 and the second year in a workshop held in Orlando at WEFTEC 2009. Technological conclusions that can be drawn from the study in terms of what can be learned by comparing the different nutrient removal processes employed at these 22 plants and several additional BNR facilities in Florida are described in joint manuscripts submitted by Parker et al (2009) and Bott et al (2009). In a parallel effort using the data and conclusions generated from this study, Neethling et al (2009) proposed a set of quantitative descriptors that attempt to define the nutrient removal performance in terms of effluent quality percentile statistics referred to as Technology Performance Statistics (TPSs). The TPSs were defined as three separate values representing the lowest, median, and reliably achievable performance (Neethling et al, 2009).

With the recent advent of improved analytical and biomarker detection capabilities, a variety of organic chemicals have been found in trace amounts (Trace Organic Chemicals, TOrCs) in surface waters and fish tissue. TOrCs include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, surfactants, pesticides, flame retardants, and other organic chemicals, some with unknown modes of action or effects. Identifying or predicting ecological effects of TOrCs in typical aquatic multi-stressor situations is challenging, requiring a variety of epidemiological tools that together, can diagnose effects at multiple scales of ecological organization. Five objectives were addressed in this research: (1) develop and apply a procedure to prioritize which TOrCs are of most concern; (2) develop and test a conceptual site screening framework; (3) evaluate and test diagnostic approaches to identify potential risks due to TOrCs using various case studies; (4) develop a relational database and user interface with which the water resource community can enter, store, and search TOrC exposure data in the U.S.; and (5) foster partnerships and transfer knowledge gained in this research to the water quality community. TOrC fate, effects, and occurrence data were compiled in a database for over 500 organic chemicals based on over 100 published studies representing more than 50 organizations and 700 sites. Alternative risk-based prioritization processes and draft lists of high priority TOrCs were developed. A preliminary site screening and diagnostic framework was developed and evaluated using seven different case study sites. EPA's causal analysis (stressor identification) procedures, Canada's Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) procedure, the ecosystem model CASM (Comprehensive Aquatic System Model), and several other specialized diagnostic tools were used and evaluated. A relational database based on Tetra Tech's EDAS2 was developed using the Microsoft platform. The modified version of EDAS2, built on the EPA WQX data model, provides web-based data queries using a combination of tabular data for downloads and a visual map interface that allows the user to view, query, and select sites from the map having chemical or biological data. The database is not discussed in this report but can be accessed through WERF. This Final Report summarizes all other approaches used and results obtained in this research, discusses critical data gaps and other important uncertainties, and provides testable hypotheses and recommendations for Phase 2 testing and analyses.

Utility performance, especially in developing countries is still working toward the standard necessary to deliver best practice. Utility Benchmarking and Regulation in Developing Countries examines performance monitoring and regulation as a prominent efficiency enhancement tool and clarifies many of the unknowns regarding the design and approach surrounding the area of utility management. Principles and practices are linked in a way that is informative and accessible, highlighting the challenges facing those who are trying to improve performance in the water sector. Operational settings are complex and unpredictable in developing countries due to inadequate infrastructure planning and this book makes clear which systems work best in these situations. Utility Benchmarking and Regulation in Developing Countries discusses performance monitoring in the critical areas of utility management that achieve sustainable performance goals: Performance development planning Modes of performance monitoring Provocative approaches to incentives creation Monitoring through high incentive plans Customer relations monitoring Pro-poor oriented monitoring Careful use of partial performance indicators Proposed indicators for assessing governance incentives A case study on the National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Uganda is included in the book detailing the difficulties in discerning performance progress based on partial performance indicators. It underlines disparities in basing performance conclusions on partial performance indicators on one hand and aggregate analysis using modern benchmarking toolkits on the other. This is an excellent handbook for utility monitors or regulators whose primary duty is to oversee performance management. It is a valuable resource for decision-makers, analysts, and policy-makers and can be used in capacity-building programs (both in-house and in universities) around the world.

Following a successful first edition published in 2007, the follow-up 2011 edition of Wastewater Sludge - A Global Overview of the Current Status and Future Prospects will present an updated and expanded perspective on developments in relation to wastewater sludge around the world. Sludge arising from wastewater treatment represents a serious environmental issue, requiring technological and management solutions to ensure it is processed in a safe and economically efficient manner. Extension of sewers, the construction of new wastewater treatment facilities and the upgrading of existing wastewater plants means the amount of sludge to be handled continues to increase. Alongside this, aspects relating to energy consumption and sustainable operation need to be considered. Within this general picture, sludge is generated in different technical, economic and social contexts around the world, demanding that different approaches need to be taken. The 2011 edition of this report provides a strategic overview of the wastewater sludge market around the world, based on regional and country contributions. These look at the current situation in terms of sludge generation, legislation, technology applied and management management approaches. These will then look at anticipated developments over the short / medium term, including expected developments in terms of legislation and the technology and management solutions to be implemented. These will be complemented by longer term perspectives also. The report has been prepared for the Market Briefing Series of the International Water Association's magazine Water21, with input from IWA's network of wastewater sludge experts around the world. Contributions in the 2011 edition are due to include Western Europe, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, Eastern Europe, Turkey, USA, Canada, Latin America / Caribbean, Colombia, Brazil, East Asia, Korea, Malaysia, South Asia, China, Africa, and Australasia.

The absence of water supply infrastructure is a critical issue that affects the sustainability of cities in the developing world and the quality of life of millions of people living in these cities. Urban India has probably the largest concentration of people in the world lacking safe access to these infrastructures. This book is a unique study of the politics of water supply infrastructures in three metropolitan cities in contemporary India - Bangalore, Chennai and Kochi. It examines the process of change in water supply infrastructure initiated by notable Public Private Partnership's efforts in these three cities to reveal the complexity of state-society relations in India at multiple levels - at the state, city and neighbourhood levels. Using a comparative methodology, the book develops as understanding of the changes in the production of reform water policy in contemporary India and its reception at the sub-national (state) level. It goes on to examine the governance of regimes of water supply in Bangalore, Chennai and Kochi, and evaluates the role of the partnerships in reforming water supply. The book is a useful contribution to studies on Urban Development and South Asian Politics.

Reverse osmosis is the dominant technology in water desalination. However, some critical issues remain open: improvement of water quality, enhancement of the recovery factor, reduction of the unit water cost, minimizing the brine disposal impact. This book aims to solve these problems with an innovative approach based on the integration of different membrane operations in pre-treatment and post-treatment stages. Membrane-Based Desalination: An Integrated Approach (acronym MEDINA) has been a three year project funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Program. The project team has developed a work programme aiming to improve the current design and operation practices of membrane systems used for water desalination, trying to solve or, at least, to decrease the critical issues of sea and brackish water desalination systems. In the book, the main results achieved in the nine Work Packages constituting the project will be described, and dismissed by the leaders of the various WPs. The following areas are explored in the book: the development of advanced analytical methods for feed water characterization, appropriate fouling indicators and prediction tools, procedures and protocols at full-scale desalination facilities; the identification of optimal seawater pre-treatment strategies by designing advanced hybrid membrane processes (submerged hollow fibre filtration/reaction, adsorption/ion exchange/ozonation) and comparison with conventional methods; the optimisation of RO membrane module configuration, cleaning strategies, reduction of scaling potential by NF; the development of strategies aiming to approach the concept of Zero Liquid Discharge (increasing the water recovery factor up to 95% by using Membrane Distillation - MD; bringing concentrates to solids by Membrane Crystallization or Wind Intensified Enhanced Evaporation) and to reduce the brine disposal environmental impact and cost; increase the sustainability of desalination process by reducing energy consumption (evaluation of MD, demonstration of a new energy recovery device for SWRO installations) and use of renewable energy (wind and solar). Colour figures (PDF, 6MB) Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/WaterdesalinationandEuropeanresearch

Contamination of aqueous environments by hazardous chemical compounds is the direct cause of the decline of safe clean water supply throughout the globe. The use of unconventional water sources such as treated wastewater will be a new norm. Emerging nanotechnological innovations have great potential for wastewater remediation processes. Applications that use smart nanomaterials of inorganic and organic origin improve treatment efficiency and lower energy requirements. This book describes the synthesis, fabrication, and application of advanced nanomaterials in water treatment processes; their adsorption, transformation into low toxic forms, or degradation phenomena, and the adsorption and separation of hazardous dyes, organic pollutants, heavy metals and metalloids from aqueous solutions. It explains the use of different categories of nanomaterials for various pollutants and enhances understanding of nanotechnology-based water remediation to make it less toxic and reusable.

The adoption of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive requires sewage sludge to be subsequently treated and the Sewage Sludge Directive regulates the uses and properties of stabilised sludge for being either recycled or disposed. Both directives drive specific actions in two complementary ways. Reduction, Modification and Valorisation of Sludge aims at developing strategies for the disposal and reuse of waste sludge. It aims to develop several processes for reducing both amount and toxicity of sludge, with simultaneous transformation into green energy vectors such as methane or hydrogen. Mesophilic and mainly thermophilic and autothermophilic conditions are explored as classical alternatives for sludge stabilisation, assuring sanitary conditions of the treated sludge. Valuable materials are obtained from sludge, such as activated carbons, which are used in conventional adsorption processes and in innovative advanced oxidation processes. Guidelines are provided for technology selection in agreement with the geographic, economic and technical characteristics of the sewage plants, demonstration of the feasibility of new applications for the sewage sludge, manufacturing of activated carbon from sludge sewage as innovative recycling of sludge waste, and a deep understanding of the methods involved. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/GLOBALATLASOFEXCRETAWASTEWATERSLUDGEANDBIOSOLIDSMANAGEMENTMOVINGFORWARDTHESUSTAINABLEANDWELCOMEUSESOFAGLOBALRESOURCE

Principles and Practices for Petroleum Contaminated Soils includes some of the best research and practical work done by top researchers in the field-both in industry and academia. It covers fundamental and advanced topics, such as analysis and site assessment, techniques (e.g., vacuum extraction, asphalt incorporation), and case studies. The book will interest anyone working with contaminated soils, ground water, and underground storage tanks. It will also be a valuable reference for regulatory personnel and environmental consultants at all levels.

Combining background knowledge and practical tools, Handbook of Inland Aquatic Ecosystem Management gives you an overview of how to manage inland waters in a holistic manner. It examines the problems that threaten aquatic inland water ecosystems and presents a set of toolboxes for solving them. The book focuses on lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, wetlands, lagoons, and estuaries, including the predominant freshwater ecosystems as well as saline and brackish ecosystems. Understand Ecosystem Properties and Ecological Processes The book consists of two parts. The first part reviews the basic scientific knowledge needed in the environmental and ecological management of aquatic ecosystems, from limnology and ecology of inland water ecosystems to environmental physics and chemistry. It emphasizes the interacting processes that characterize all inland aquatic ecosystems and explains the scientific considerations behind the conservation principles and their applications. Define the Problems and Quantify Their Sources The second part of the book presents toolboxes that you can apply to achieve more holistic environmental and ecological management. After an overview of the environmental problems of inland aquatic ecosystems and their sources, the book examines toolboxes to help you identify the problem, namely mass balances, ecological indicators, and ecological models. It also discusses toolboxes that can be used to find an environmental management solution to the problem: environmental technology, cleaner technology, and ecotechnology. Integrate Science and Practical Toolboxes to Manage Inland Waters More Effectively This book shows you how to integrate biology, ecology, limnology, and chemistry with the toolboxes in an up-to-date, multidisciplinary approach to environmental management. It provides a powerful framework for ident

The problem of reservoir eutrophication and resulting increase of algal activity is common for seven Dutch waterworks. In this context, the text investigates dissolved air flotation (DAF) as an alternative for algae removal, compared to conventionally applied sedimentation.

The Economics of Industrial Water Use presents an authoritative collection of the most important articles to have applied economic models and measurement techniques to the topic of industrial water use over the last thirty years. It includes an original introductory chapter which summarizes and critically assesses the literature on this important subject. These papers employ a range of modelling approaches including econometric estimation, linear programming, input-output models, non-market valuation and integrated river basin planning models. They also provide empirical evidence of the significant role played by economic forces in determining industrial water intake, discharge and recirculation. This comprehensive volume will be an indispensable reference source for those with an interest in water's role in industrial applications.

Including work by some of the world's leading economists, engineers, ecologists and social scientists, Water Resources and Economic Development is a unique collection due to its global perspectives and specific focus upon the recent experiences of the developing regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America. It explores important topics such as basin and regional development, irrigation and agricultural development, water supply, sanitation and health, legal and institutional issues, water pricing and water markets, and policy trends and emerging issues. This authoritative volume will be an invaluable source for students, researchers and policymakers and also for those who would like to be more informed in this key area of development studies.

Wastewater treatment is an energy intensive process that removes contaminants and protects the environment. While some wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) recover a small portion of their energy demand through sludge handling processes, most of the useful energy available from wastewater remains unrecovered. Efforts are underway to harness energy from wastewater by developing microbial fuel cells (MiFCs) that generate electricity. Key challenges to the development of microbial fuel cells include inefficiencies inherent in recovering energy from microbial metabolism (particularly carbon metabolism) and ineffective electron transfer processes between the bacteria and the anode. We explored the prospects for constructing microaerobic nitrifying MiFCs which could exhibit key advantages over carbon-based metabolism in particular applications (e.g., potential use in ammonia-rich recycle streams). In addition, we evaluated nanostructure-enhanced anodes which have the potential to facilitate more efficient electron transfer for MiFCs because carbon nanostructures, such as nanofibers, possess outstanding conducting properties and increase the available surface area for cellular attachment. In the initial phase of this project, we investigated the performance of a novel nitrifying MiFC that contains a nanostructure-enhanced anode and that demonstrated power generation during preliminary batch testing. Subsequent batch runs were performed with pure cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea which demonstrated very low power generation. After validating our fuel cell hardware using abiotic experiments, we proceeded to test the MiFC using a mixed culture from a local wastewater treatment plant, which was enriched for nitrifying bacteria. Again, the power generation was very low though noticeably higher on the nanostructured anodes. After establishing and monitoring the growth of another enriched nitrifying culture, we repeated the experiment a third time, again observing very low power generation. In the absence of appreciable and repeatable power production from pure and mixed nitrifying cultures, we focused on the second major objective of the work which was the fabrication and characterization of carbon nanostructured anodes. The second research objective evaluated whether or not addition of carbon nanostructures to stainless steel anodes in anaerobic microbial fuel cells enhanced electricity generation. The results from the studies focused on this element were very promising and demonstrated that CNS-coated anodes produced up to two orders of magnitude more power in anaerobic microbial fuel cells than in MiFCs with uncoated stainless steel anodes. The largest power density achieved in this study was 506 mW m-2, and the average maximum power density of the CNS-enhanced MiFCs using anaerobic sludge was 300 mW m-2. In comparison, the average maximum power density of the MiFCs with uncoated anodes in the same experiments was only 13.7 mW m-2, an almost 22-fold reduction. Electron microscopy showed that microorganisms were affiliated with the CNS-coated anodes to a much greater degree than the noncoated anodes. Sodium azide inhibition studies showed that active microorganisms were required to achieve enhanced power generation. The current was reduced significantly in MiFCs receiving the inhibitor compared to MiFCs that did not receive the inhibitor. The nature of the microbial-nanostructure relationship that caused enhanced current was not determined during this study but deserves further evaluation. These results are promising and suggest that CNS-enhanced anodes, when coupled with more efficient MiFC designs than were used in this research, may enhance the possibility that MiFC technologies can move to commercial application.

Special Offer: KWR Drinking Water Treatment Set - Buy all five books together and save a total GBP119! Safe drinking water is a basic need for all human beings. Preventing microbial contamination of drinking water is of primary concern since endemic illness and outbreaks of infectious diseases can have significant social and economic consequences. Confirming absence of indicators of faecal contamination by water analysis only provides a limited verification of safety. By measuring pathogenic organisms in source water and modelling their reduction by treatment, a higher level of drinking water safety can be verified. This book provides stochastic methods to determine reduction of pathogenic microorganisms by drinking water treatment. These can be used to assess the level and variability of drinking water safety while taking uncertainty into account. The results can support decisions by risk managers about treatment design, operation, monitoring, and adaptation. Examples illustrate how the methods can be used in water safety plans to improve and secure production of safe drinking water. More information about the book can be found on the Water Wiki in an article written by the author here: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/Quantifyingmicro-organismremovalforsafedrinkingwatersupplies

Special Offer: KWR Drinking Water Treatment Set - Buy all five books together and save a total GBP119! Ever since the recognition of the important role of water in the transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms in the 19th century, microbiological safety of drinking water has been a major research issue for microbiologists in the drinking water industry. The main objective of this book is to develop a general strategy to assess elimination capacity of water treatment processes for pathogens. It investigates: The potential use of faecal indicators Coli44, (including E. coli) and SSRC, (including C. perfringens) as process indicators to assess pathogen elimination in full-scale water treatment plants. The value of comparative challenge tests with pre-cultured organisms for the assessment of elimination capacity of full-scale processes, to study the effect of process conditions and to validate the use of process indicators. The use of literature data to assess elimination capacity of water treatment processes for pathogens and the effect of process conditions on this. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/WaterbornePathogens

This project will deal with a number of aspects of WAS-only-reduction technologies for both industrial and municipal wastewater treatment applications. The objectives of this project include the following: 1. Developing an evaluation methodology that can be used to independently assess the effectiveness of WAS-reduction technologies 2. Demonstrating the previously listed methodology with at least one WAS-reduction technology This study includes not only the primary goals of establishing the degree of WAS reduction and corresponding capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, but also such details as impacts on dewaterability (e.g., changes in polymer requirements, and maximum solids content achievable), changes in volatile solids reduction and corresponding biogas production in anaerobic digestion, possible odor issues in terms of in-plant processing requirements or ultimate product quality for disposal that result from these processes, and the change in characteristics of the recycle streams back to the main process (such as increased nutrient return, increased total suspended solids TSS] return, phosphorus removal, etc.).In addition to the more technical parameters, the adopted approach also considers evaluations of operability, reliability, and maintainability on each of the leading processes. Some of these effects were determined by laboratory testing and plant data evaluation. Others were investigated through comprehensive modeling using standard industry models such as ASM 2d for liquid-stream biological treatment and the ADM1 model for anaerobic digestion. A key objective of this work is an impartial validation of these technologies and the development of a methodology for assessment of additional technologies that currently do not exist, but could be developed in the future. This requires not only real world operating data, but also a degree of understanding of the fundamental mechanism behind the process. As such, a critical part of this project involves the discussion of the potential underlying mechanisms for each of the validated technologies.