This book discusses the problems and feasible remediation of fluoride contamination in groundwater. The book investigates applications of various carbons derived from bio-mass and bio-polymers. It also inquires into surface modified carbons that use inorganic ions to help remove excess fluoride ions in drinking water and wastewater effluents. The compliance of kinetic and isotherm models with fluoride sorption is covered, and the suggested mechanisms of defluoridation by surface modified carbon materials is described.

Almost every US water and wastewater utility must comply with US environmental protection regulations covering air emissions, hazardous materials and wastes, toxic substances, and other issues. This useful new book will help you avoid violations of US environmental law. The book addresses the safe handling, disposal, and storage of all regulated substances to be in compliance with the laws. The book tells you* Which environmental laws apply to your utility and when they apply* What the laws say and mean* Which US federal agencies are responsible for enforcement * What is required of your utility to comply with the laws* Which violations are most common with utilities Specially written for water and wastewater utilities, this book explains in clear, understandable language: * Air emissions* Hazardous materials* Hazardous wastes* Pesticides* Petroleum* Solid wastes* Storage tanks* Toxic substances* WastewaterFeatures to help you comply* Compliance Checklists list key compliance requirements of the regulation and recommended best management practices. * Example Activities tell you when the chapter would be applicable to your utility. * Common Regulatory Findings uncover common compliance issues and pitfalls. Includes CD-ROMAn included CD-ROM provides the Compliance Checklists that you can download and print. The CD also includes a printable "Dangerous Goods and Combustible Liquids Storage Compatibility Chart. FREE CHAPTER DOWNLOAD: Ch. 7 Toxic Substances.

This handbook provides a comprehensive and thorough overview of technology for pollution control processes. It will be of interest to those engineers, consultants, educators, architects, planners, government officials, industry executives, attorneys, students, and others concerned with solving environmental problems. The pollution control processes are organized into chapters by broad problem areas, and appropriate technology for decontamination, destruction, isolation, etc., for each problem area is presented. Since many of these technologies are useful for more than one problem area, a specific technology may be included in more than one chapter, modified to suit the specific considerations involved.The pollution control processes described are those that are actively used today, as well as those innovative and emerging processes that have good future potential. An important feature of the book is that advantages and disadvantages of many processes are cited. Also, in many cases, regulatory-driven trends are discussed which will impact the technology used in the future.

This volume provides a detailed overview of water pollution and control of several selected Chinese reservoirs. It explores sediment contamination as well as algal blooms and their impact on water quality. Several chapters also discuss various methods of quality control, such as mixing-oxygenation combined with microbial remediation technologies. Due to their broad geographical distribution and different nutrition levels, the investigated reservoirs, the Jinpen, Shibianyu, Fenhe, Zhelin and Zhoucun reservoirs, can be regarded as representative for China. This comprehensive work will appeal to researchers, advanced students and reservoir managers.

Papers presented at the 11th International Conference on Sustainable Water Resources Management are included in this volume. These research works highlight recent technological and scientific developments associated with the management of surface and sub-surface water resources and as well as river basin management methodologies. Water is essential for sustaining life on our planet and its uneven distribution is a source of permanent conflict. The growth of human population combined with the irregularity in precipitation and water availability may restrict even further the access to water in certain regions of the world. This problem is made more severe by anthropogenic activities that affect its quality. River Basin Management includes all aspects of Hydrology, Ecology, Environmental Management, Flood Plains and Wetlands. Riverine systems are coming under increasing pressure due to anthropological and natural causes. Prominent amongst the problems affecting them is water scarcity and quality, which requires the development of improved methods for better river management. This volume features research from professionals involved in sustainable water resources management and provides an insight into the state of the art in the current technology, techniques and solutions in that field as they have been developed and applied in different countries.

Data on over 1300 water treatment chemicals, applications, and services. Product information may include product category, company name, trade name, product number and description, and properties and characteristics.

The content is focused on benthic communities showing how they play an in important role in the river ecosystems. Provides also information on taxonomy of river-inhabiting algal groups, including phylogeny, distribution, collection, preservation and description of the most representative genera of algae in river benthic algal communities. The book also approaches the ecology of river algae not to mention the ecological factors influencing abundance, distribution and diversity of river benthic algal communities and their use as bio-indicators, providing an up-to-date information on taxonomy, ecology, methodology and uses, and a great source of research to everyone interested in freshwater algae, limnology, water quality assessment and biodiversity in river ecosystems.

This book examines the issues at stake in transboundary water governance, it spotlights the Rhone River, a biophysical entity of enormous historical, political and economic importance. The Rhone has long been viewed essentially as a tool for energy production, heavily canalized and exploited by a series of dams and nuclear power plants - with the result that those who live along this great river have simply turned away. Basing their work on a detailed analysis of the history and the current management of the Rhone, the authors explore the challenges linked with transboundary river basin governance including relevant international water law, appropriation of river and river resources by Nation States. Finally, they discuss a diverse range of institutional architectures and outlines several solutions that might cope with the growing complexity of transboundary management of a major river. The book will be of interest to scholars in fields such as environment studies, water policy and Natural Resource Management, it also has relevance to water managers and entrepreneurs concerned with staying abreast of developments in water policy and governance.

This book pursues a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach in order to analyze the relationship between water and food security. It demonstrates that most of the world's economies lack sufficient water resources to secure their populations' food requirements and are thus virtual importers of water. One of the most inspiring cases, which this book is rooted in, is Italy: the third largest net virtual water importer on earth. The book also shows that the sustainability of water depends on the extent to which societies recognize and take into account its value and contribution to agricultural production. Due to the large volumes of water required for food production, water and food security are in fact inextricably linked. Contributions from leading international experts and scholars in the field use the concepts of virtual water and water footprints to explain this relationship, with an eye to the empirical examples of wine, tomato and pasta production in Italy. This book provides a valuable resource for all researchers, professionals, policymakers and everyone else interested in water and food security.

This volume offers a detailed overview of currently applied and tested wastewater treatment technologies and the integration of advanced processes to remove trace organic contaminants and microorganisms. It discusses the potential of enhanced biological treatment to produce effluent suitable for reuse, new processes for urban wastewater disinfection and the reduction of antibiotic resistant bacteria, as well as the effect of advanced oxidation processes on wastewater microbiome and chemical contaminants. It also presents membrane bioreactors, moving bed bioreactors, light and solar driven technologies, ozonation and immobilised heterogeneous photocatalysis and provides an evaluation of the potential of constructed wetlands integrated with advanced oxidation technologies to produce wastewater safe for reuse. Furthermore, the volume discusses water reuse issues and standards, the status of membrane bioreactors applications, and the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate for enhanced water recovery during wastewater treatment. Finally, it presents recent developments in potable water reuse and addresses various important issues in this framework, like the proper protection of public health, reliability and monitoring. This volume is of interest to experts, scientists and practitioners from various fields of research, including analytical and environmental chemistry, toxicology and environmental and sanitary engineering, as well as treatment plant operators and policymakers.

The "greening" of industry processes, i.e. making them more sustainable, is a popular and often lucrative trend in Chemical Engineering. The 7th volume of Green Chemical Processing considers the role of water in sustainable chemistry and highlights innovations in the field of water treatment. The American Chemical Society's 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are woven throughout this text as well as the series to which this book belongs.

Accurate chemical water treatment and skillful maintenance are key elements to attain optimal boiler operation.

"Boiler Water Treatment: Principles and Practice" analyzes the fundamentals of the mechanical operation of boilers, together with the applied chemistry required to achieve waterside cleanliness and costeffective and optimal boiler operation.

Sediment and Dredged Material Treatment forms the second volume in the SEDNET mini-series, Sustainable Management of Sediment Resources. The volume asks "How can you achieve sustainable sediment treatment?." In fact, before this question can be answered, many steps have to be considered beforehand. This book tackles the questions and issues which arise when looking at the various steps involved.
This volume is applicable to a wide audience, from students at the graduate level, to experienced researchers and laboratory personnel in academia, industry and government.
This volume also available as part of a 4-volume set, ISBN 0444519599. Discount price for set purchase.
* Gives a broad overview on sediment treatment with a European perspective
* Suitable for those new to sediment treatment as well as specialists in the field
* Provides an overview on the costs involved in sediment treatment

This volume provides essential information on the origin and evolution of Greek rivers, as well as their ecological and anthropogenic characteristics. The topics covered include geomythology, biogeography, hydrology, hydrobiology, hydrogeochemistry, geological and biogeochemical processes, anthropogenic pressures and ecological impacts, water management - both in the antiquity and today - and river restoration. The book is divided into four parts, the first of which explores the importance of rivers for ancient Greek civilization and the natural processes affecting their evolution during the Holocene. In the second part, the hydrological, hydrochemical and biological features of Greek rivers and the unique biogeographical characteristics that form the basis for their high biodiversity and endemism are highlighted, while the third part comprehensively discusses the impacts of environmental pollution on the structure and function of Greek river ecosystems. In turn, the final part describes the current socio-economic factors in Greece that are affecting established water management practices, the application of ecohydrological approaches in restoring fragmented rivers, and the lessons learned from restoring aquatic ecosystems in general as a paradigm for understanding and minimizing anthropogenic impacts on water resources, at the Mediterranean scale. Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, the book offers an invaluable source of information for researchers, students and environmental managers alike.

This standard reference serves the industrial community as an authoritative source on cooling water problems. The problems of corrosion measurement and control are intensively examined and the more recently developed cooling water additives are reviewed. Advances in treatment chemicals and chemical cleaning are thoroughly explored.

This book reviews and analyzes emerging challenges in water policy, governance and institutions in India. Recent times have seen the contours of water policy shaped by new discourses and narratives; there has been a pluralization of the state and a changing balance of power among the actors who influence the formulation of water policy. Discourses on gender mainstreaming and Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) are influential, though they have often remained rhetorical and difficult to put into practice. Debate over property rights reform and inter-linking of rivers has been polarized. At the same time, there has been a rising disenchantment with policy initiatives in participatory irrigation management, cleaning up of water bodies and pollution control. Fast depletion of groundwater resources and the importance of adopting new irrigation methods are getting increased focus in the recent policy dialogue. The contributors review current debate on these and other subjects shaping the governance of water resources, and take stock of new policy developments. The book examines the experience of policy implementation, and shows where important weaknesses still lie. The authors present a roadmap for the future, and discuss the potential of alternative approaches for tackling emerging challenges. A case is made for greater emphasis on a discursive analysis of water policy, to examine underlying policy processes. The contributors observe that the ongoing democratization of water governance, coupled with the multiplication of stresses on water, will create a more visible demand for platforms for negotiation, conflict resolution and dialogue across different categories of users and uses. Finally, the authors propose that future research should challenge implicit biases in water resources planning and address imbalances in the allocation of water from the perspectives of both equity and sustainability.

This book presents a socio-economic analysis of the issues linking technological innovation in providing arsenic-safe drinking water in rural areas. It presents concrete field based experiences of experiments and case studies depicting the plight and sufferings of people due to failed technological deployment strategies over the past two decades in West Bengal, the most arsenic-exposed state in India and also the first to act for remediation of the crisis. One of the greatest challenges in arsenic-exposed zones is to provide sustainable access to reliably arsenic-safe free water. For nearly twenty years the Government of India and national water distribution institutions in collaboration with multi-lateral funding agencies have sought to pump in money, push technology collected through global tenders, and enlist the support of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), but their efforts have yielded little success. This book is the outcome of the authors' intensive fieldwork, guided by the conceptual framework of the latest literature on environmental economics and consumer behaviour. It presents a framework and estimates based on field level primary data. Secondary official source-based data are also collated from various scattered sources into a valuable, comprehensive collection. Lastly, the book includes a revealing analysis of factors affecting households' participation.

"From the Introduction: "
The purpose of this guide is to aid in determining whether a particular volatilization technology can successfully remove organic contaminants from water. It describes the performance evaluation of common volatilization technologies and provides an approach for selecting the appropriate technology for a given situation. Data necessary for the evaluation are described and, whenever possible, background data are given for selected hazardous organics. In addition to being useful for equipment selection, it can be used as an educational tool for background data on volatilization technologies or as a decision-making tool for purchasing a mobile technology.
The impetus for developing a guide stems from involvement of the Hazardous Waste Engineering Researching Laboratory's Releases Control Branch in technical assistance activities that require assessment of the feasibility and cost of various treatment options. It was recognized that EPA On-Scene Coordinators (OSC) and their technical support personnel are often faced with changing or uncertain conditions that could affect the cost and feasibility of removing volatile substances from water. As conditions change or as some of the uncertainties are resolved, the OSC's technical support personnel are called upon to revise their estimates accordingly. It was recognized that the OSC and their technical support staffs did not have a concise guide on the subject of volatilization technologies and their application to spill cleanup operations.
People with some technical training in chemistry and thermodynamics, but limited experience in participating or coordinating cleanup activities at uncontrolled hazardouswaste sites will find the guide useful. (A review of volatilization is provided for thos