It is doubtful that any commercial enterprise today has not benefitted greatly from advances in technology, most of which are based on electronics. The ancient art of determining and locating land boundaries has always relied on precise measurement of the vectors which define the perimeter. The purpose of this book is to document the development of an accurate, affordable, reliable machine to perform the relatively long distance measurements routinely made by land surveyors. In 1951, Erik Bergstrand culminated thirteen years of research by bringing an electronic distance meter which measured distances based on the speed of light to the market. Research efforts in applied electronics and wave propagation led to the maser, which allowed Harry Baumann and T. L. Wadley to develop and market a device using the microwave spectrum to measure. Advances in transistors and integrated circuit technology introduced the simplification and miniaturization to electronic distance measuring that would transform the once novel instrument into a commodity product.

Illustrated with forms, diagrams, and maps; constituting a complete text-book of government surveying ... To which is added an appendix containing information in regard to entering, locating, purchasing, and settling lands under the various land laws, etc., etc. By J.H. Hawes ...

In response to the demand from the engineers of the country, systems of plane coordinates for each of the various States were computed by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. After these were completed there was need of a manual of computations that would show clearly how the resulting grids could be used in actual calculation. Although two different systems were used in adapting the grids to the different States, yet the method of using the results after the coordinates have been computed is essentially the same in both of the systems. It is hoped that the sample computations given in the text will illustrate the close similarity in the methods of application. We believe that enough material has been included to serve as a model for practically any case that may arise in actual engineering operations.

In addition to a brief history of French and Spanish land measures in North America, Reasonover's Land Measures is composed of extensive conversion and reduction tables for these measures used on the continent during the 16th through 19th centuries. 2nd Edition. 108 pages.

In 1790, America was in enormous debt, having depleted what little money and supplies the country had during its victorious fight for independence. Before the nation's greatest asset, the land west of the Ohio River, could be sold it had to be measured out and mapped. And before that could be done, a uniform set of measurements had to be chosen for the new republic out of the morass of roughly 100,000 different units that were in use in daily life.

Measuring America tells the fascinating story of how we ultimately gained the American Customary System—the last traditional system in the world—and how one man's surveying chain indelibly imprinted its dimensions on the land, on cities, and on our culture from coast to coast.

The whole clearly demonstrated and illustrated by a large number of appropriate examples, particularly adapted to the use of schools.

Illustrated with forms, diagrams, and maps; constituting a complete text-book of government surveying ... To which is added an appendix containing information in regard to entering, locating, purchasing, and settling lands under the various land laws, etc., etc. By J.H. Hawes ...

With 375 problems fully solved step by step, and clear, well-illustrated coverage of the practices and applications of surveying, this powerful study guide can help you master your course with less study time. Perfect for independent study, it gives you full coverage of the entire subject, from trigonometry for surveyors through drawing maps. With Schaums, you know youre getting a quality product, and this study guide for beginning courses in surveying is the best there is.

Estimators need to understand the consequences of entering into a contract, often defined by complex conditions and documents, as well as to appreciate the technical requirements of the project. Estimating and Tendering for Construction Work explains the job of the estimator through every key stage, from early cost studies to the creation of budgets for successful tenders.
This new edition reflects recent developments in the field such as new tendering and procurement methods; the move from basic estimating to cost-planning and the greater emphasis placed on partnering and collaborative working. It also includes changes to pricing, rates, terminology and technology to bring the book completely up-to date.
Clearly-written and illustrated with examples, notes and technical documentation the book is ideal for students on construction-related courses needing to understand these essential processes or professionals beginning in industry.
* Covers every key stage from early cost studies to completing the tender estimate
* Illustrated with examples, notes and technical documentation
* Ideal for students studying estimating and tendering as part of a construction related course