The number of economics professors now teaching at universities will decline substantially over the next couple of decades. This will happen for one main reason-the advent of distance learning, especially in the form of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), which enable a single professor to lecture to tens of thousands of students. Other academic fields will undoubtedly encounter similar reductions in their numbers of professors. However, as this book argues at several levels, academic economics is the one profession that is most qualified to study and address the topic. In this sense it is the one profession that should best recognize the economic benefits of this transition, which this book describes, and take responsibility for leading the transition among all academic fields. Unfortunately, the position espoused by several academic economists has been against this inevitable transition-a position that politically upholds their employment and the status of their institutions. They have asserted that MOOCs lower the quality of education and threaten the financial viability of traditional universities. Based on extensive evidence and analysis, however, this book argues that their position untenable. Their position is hypocritical as well, given the fact that economics professors, more than anyone else, have upheld the idea that jobs should be lost, and new ones should be gained, in response to technological changes that promote economic efficiency. There is also irony in the fact that the high tuitions required to maintain traditional classrooms effectively deny a college education to those who cannot afford it. Thus, unsound arguments that traditional lectures are needed to preserve the quality of education actually do not improve the quality of education but have the only real effect of denying education to many people who would otherwise be able to receive it. To address this topic comprehensively, the book goes deep into fundamental questions about what economics professors really do with their time and energy, and what they should be doing in the best interests of their students and of society. These are areas that the profession has needed to address for a long time, but has failed to do so.

This book provides an accessible and readable overview of linguistic research. The text uses pedagogical tools such as analogies, metaphors, and graphic organizers to clarify the meaning of complex linguistic concepts. To ensure that readers develop a firm and lasting grasp of new ideas, the book illustrates theoretical concepts with language samples (such as popular song lyrics or famous sayings) that are likely to be familiar to the reader. The use of such recognizable language material is intended to help students see the language in their own environment as worth observing and analyzing. Above all, the book is meant to help future teachers in the classroom. This goal largely determines the book's scope. The text provides an overview of those studies that have especially significant implications for classroom practice. For instance, the chapter on neurolinguistics covers research into the gestures that accompany speech, and the chapter on semantics places special emphasis on discussing the role of conceptual metaphors in cognition. Each of the book's eleven chapters concludes with a section entitled "Implications for Instruction." These sections engage to reader in exploring the practical significance of linguistic research.

Alfred Tarski (1901-1983) was a renowned Polish/American mathematician, a giant of the twentieth century, who helped establish the foundations of geometry, set theory, model theory, algebraic logic and universal algebra. Throughout his career, he taught mathematics and logic at universities and sometimes in secondary schools. Many of his writings before 1939 were in Polish and remained inaccessible to most mathematicians and historians until now. This self-contained book focuses on Tarski's early contributions to geometry and mathematics education, including the famous Banach-Tarski paradoxical decomposition of a sphere as well as high-school mathematical topics and pedagogy. These themes are significant since Tarski's later research on geometry and its foundations stemmed in part from his early employment as a high-school mathematics teacher and teacher-trainer. The book contains careful translations and much newly uncovered social background of these works written during Tarski's years in Poland. Alfred Tarski: Early Work in Poland serves the mathematical, educational, philosophical and historical communities by publishing Tarski's early writings in a broadly accessible form, providing background from archival work in Poland and updating Tarski's bibliography. A list of errata can be found on the author Smith's personal webpage.

"PACTS: The Coalition for Change" offers a case study chronicling the efforts of one urban high school district in Northern California to change its curriculum. It quantifies surveyed responses solicited from parents, administrators, curriculum leaders, teachers, and students in the district. It also assesses their level of agreement on issues relating to mathematics reform.

These agents of change constitute the PACTS Coalition. As a group, they generally agree that mathematics is a tough subject and that it should be fun; however, their level of agreement vacillates when the investigation turns to issues such as ability level grouping, the incorporation of diversity, and the question of inclusion.

In general, members of the alliance believe that the effect of reform efforts has been deleterious to the overall quality of mathematics education at their school site and in the district. Many respondents cite poor communication, ineffectual leadership, and a lack of direction as chief deterrents to effective mathematics reform; additionally, most agree that cohesion, unity, and morale among the mathematics staff in the district have suffered as a result.

Author Bill Collins shows that the varying perspectives of the PACTS Coalition is key to recognizing the complexity of educational issues while revealing the vision needed for lasting education reform.

A volume in Research in Mathematics Education Series Editor Barbara J. Dougherty, University of Mississippi This volume investigates the evolution of the geometry curriculum in the United States over the past 150 years. A primary goal is to increase awareness of the nature of the current geometry curriculum by investigating the historical, mathematical and pedagogical influences that it has sustained since its inception. Given the limited access to first-hand accounts of the enacted geometry curriculum during the past 150 years, the book relies on textbooks to provide a record of the implemented curriculum at any given point in time and on policy documents and journal articles to provide insight into the prevalent issues and arguments of the day. The book is organized in a chronological sequence of ""notable events"" leading to discernable changes in thinking about the geometry curriculum over the past century and a half-roughly the extent of time during which geometry has been taught in American schools. Notable events include important reports or commissions, influential texts, new schools of thought, and developments in learning technologies.These events affected, among other things: content and aims of the geometry curriculum; the nature of mathematical activity as construed by both mathematicians and mathematics educators; and, the resources students are given for engaging in mathematical activity. Before embarking through the notable events, it is necessary to consider the ""big bang"" of geometry, namely the moment in time that shaped the future life of the geometry curriculum. This corresponds to the emergence of Euclidean geometry. Given its influence on the shape of the geometry curriculum, familiarity with the nature of the geometry articulated in Euclid's Elements is essential to understanding the many tensions that surround the school geometry curriculum. Several themes emerge over the course of the monograph, and include: the aims and means of the geometry curriculum, the importance of proof in geometry, the role of visualization and tactile experiences, the fusion between solid and plane geometry, the curricular connections between geometry and algebra, and the use of motion and continuity. The intended audience would include curriculum developers, researchers, teachers, and curriculum supervisors.

This book examines the current state of the field of mathematics pre-service teacher education through the theme of borders. Borders are ubiquitous; they can be used to define, classify, organize, make sense of, and/or group. There are many ways that the concept of a border illuminates the field of mathematics pre-service teacher education. Consequently, there are a multitude of responses to these borders: researchers and practitioners question, challenge, cross, blur, and erase them. Chapters include the following topics: explorations of mathematics across topics (e.g., geometry, algebra, probability) and with other disciplines (e.g., science, the arts, social sciences); challenging gender, cultural, and racial borders; exploring the structure and curriculum of teacher education programs; spaces inhabited by teacher education programs (e.g., university, community); and international collaborations and programs to promote cross-cultural sharing and learning. The book targets a readership of researchers and graduate students in integrated education studies, teacher education, practitioners of mathematics education, curriculum developers, and educational administrators and policy makers.

This book devises an alternative conceptual framework to understand digital transformation in the cultural heritage sector. It achieves this by placing a high importance on the role of technology in the strategic process of modeling and developing cultural services in the digital era. The focus is on how marketing activities and customer processes are being transformed by digital technologies to create better value, which can also be communicated to customers through an engaged and personalized approach. Much of the digital debate in cultural heritage is still in infancy. Some existing studies are anecdotal and often developed within the domain of established research streams, including studies with some technological aspects addressed partially and from an episodic or periodic perspective. Moreover, the critical changes that have emerged in the cultural management landscape are yet to be highlighted. This book fills that gap and provides a perspective on the cultural heritage sector, which uses the new social and technology landscape to describe the digital transformation in cultural heritage sectors. The authors highlight an inclusive perspective that addresses marketing strategy in the digital era as a proactive, technology-enabled process by which firms collaborate with customers to jointly create, communicate, deliver, and sustain experience and value co-creation.

For anyone interested in the history and effects of the introduction of so-called "Modern Mathematics" (or "Mathematique Moderne," or "New Mathematics," etc.) this book, by Dirk De Bock and Geert Vanpaemel, is essential reading. The two authors are experienced and highly qualified Belgian scholars and the book looks carefully at events relating to school mathematics for the period from the end of World War II to 2010. Initially the book focuses on events which helped to define the modern mathematics revolution in Belgium before and during the 1960s. The book does much more than that, however, for it traces the influence of these events on national and international debates during the early phases of the reform. By providing readers with translations into English of relevant sections of key Continental documents outlining the major ideas of leading Continental scholars who contributed to the "Mathematique Moderne" movement, this book makes available to a wide readership, the theoretical, social, and political backdrops of Continental new mathematics reforms. In particular, the book focuses on the contributions made by Belgians such as Paul Libois, Willy Servais, Frederique Lenger, and Georges Papy. The influence of modern mathematics fell away rapidly in the 1970s, however, and the authors trace the rise and fall, from that time into the 21st century, of a number of other approaches to school mathematics-in Belgium, in other Western European nations, and in North America. In summary, this is an outstanding, landmark publication displaying the fruits of deep scholarship and careful research based on extensive analyses of primary sources.

This book provides an insightful view of effective teaching practices in China from an international perspective by examining the grades 7-12 mathematics teacher preparation in the Shandong province of China. It is an excellent reference book for teacher educators, researchers, reformers, and teaching practitioners. A qualitative research approach, involving in-depth interviews with purposive sampling of ten grades 7-12 award-winning mathematics teachers, was chosen to conduct the study. The participants are from the Shandong province and have been awarded recognition for his/her achievements in teaching grades 7-12 mathematics by the different levels: school, district, city, province, or nation; and his/her students have achieved high average scores in college entrance exams or in high school entrance exams among the classes at the same grade level. Data analysis revealed the following findings: first, grades 7-12 mathematics teachers from the Shandong province of China were prepared to teach through pre-service training, in-service training, and informal learning. The pre-service training can be characterized as emphasizing formal mathematics training at advanced level. The in-service training is integrated with teacher collaboration and teaching research, and has the characteristics of diversity, continuity, and orientation toward teaching practice. The in-service training also stimulates teachers to conduct selfdirected learning. Second, the award-winning grades 7-12 mathematics teachers are identified by the following characteristics: they are passionate about mathematics and share their passion through teaching; they actively take part in teaching research through application of teaching research in the classroom, collaboration with peers, and systematic lesson preparation; they apply technology into teaching; and they take an active role in teaching research in order to expand their professional opportunities. Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions were reached: pre-service training and in-service training are both necessary processes for mathematics teachers to build up their knowledge base for effective teaching. Pre-service training is just a starting point for the teaching profession. In-service training, integrated with teacher collaboration and teaching research should be a continuous activity that is a part of a teacher's everyday life.

A Volume in The Montana Mathematics Enthusiast: Monograph Series in Mathematics Education Series Editor Bharath Sriraman, The University of Montana The name of Zoltan P. Dienes (1916-) stands with those of Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner as a legendary figure whose theories of learning have left a lasting impression on the field of mathematics education. Dienes' name is synonymous with the Multi-base blocks (also known as Dienes blocks) which he invented for the teaching of place value. He also is the inventor of Algebraic materials and logic blocks, which sowed the seeds of contemporary uses of manipulative materials in mathematics instruction. Dienes' place is unique in the field of mathematics education because of his theories on how mathematical structures can be taught from the early grades onwards using multiple embodiments through manipulatives, games, stories and dance. Dienes' notion of embodied knowledge presaged other cognitive scientists who eventually came to recognize the importance of embodied knowledge and situated cognition - where knowledge and abilities are organized around experience as much as they are organized around abstractions. Dienes was an early pioneer in what was later to be called sociocultural perspectives and democratization of learning. This monograph compiled and edited by Bharath Sriraman honors the seminal contributions of Dienes to mathematics education and includes several recent unpublished articles written by Dienes himself. These articles exemplify his principles of guided discovery learning and reveal the non-trivial mathematical structures that can be made accessible to any student. The monograph also includes a rare interview with Dienes in which he reflects on his life, his work, the role of context, language and technology in mathematics teaching and learning today. The book finds an important place in any mathematics education library and is vital reading for mathematics education researchers, cognitive scientists, prospective teachers, graduate students and teachers of mathematics.

Despite the efforts of teachers and educators, every year secondary schools across the English-speaking world turn out millions of functionally illiterate leavers. The costs in human misery and in wasted productivity are catastrophic. What can schools do to prevent this situation? In this highly accessible book James and Dianne Murphy combine more than 50 years of experience to provide teachers with a thorough, easy to use introduction to the extensive research on reading and its effects on student achievement. Drawing on the work of experts from around the world, the authors explore how we learn to read, how the many myths and misconceptions around reading developed, and why they continue to persist.Building on these foundations chapters go on to examine how the general secondary school classroom can support all levels of reading more effectively, regardless of subject; how school leaders can ensure that their systems, practices and school culture deliver the very best literacy provision for all students; and what it takes to ensure that a racing intervention aimed at adolescent struggling readers is truly effective. The overall message of this books is one of great optimism: the authors demonstrate that the right of every child to learn to read is entirely achievable if schools employ the best research-driven practice.

This volume reflects on how anthropologists have engaged in medical education and aims to positively influence the future careers of anthropologists who are currently engaged or are considering a career in medical education. The volume is essential for medical educators, administrators, researchers, and practitioners, those interested in the history of medicine, global health, sociology of health and illness, medical and applied anthropology. For over a century, anthropologists have served in many roles in medical education: teaching, curriculum development, administration, research, and planning. Recent changes in medical education focusing on diversity, social determinants of health, and more humanistic patient-centered care have opened the door for more anthropologists in medical schools. The chapter authors describe various ways in which anthropologists have engaged and are currently involved in training physicians, in various countries, as well as potential new directions in this field. They address critical topics such as: the history of anthropology in medical education; humanism, ethics, and the culture of medicine; interprofessional and collaborative clinical care; incorporating patient perspectives in practice; addressing social determinants of health, health disparities, and cultural competence; anthropological roles in planning and implementation of medical education programs; effective strategies for teaching medical students; comparative analysis of systems of care in Japan, Uganda, France, United Kingdom, Mexico, Canada and throughout the United States; and potential new directions for anthropological engagement with medicine. The volume overall emphasizes the important role of anthropology in educating physicians throughout the world to improve patient care and population health.

This open access edited volume provides theoretical, practical, and historical perspectives on art and education in a post-digital, post-internet era. Recently, these terms have been attached to artworks, artists, exhibitions, and educational practices that deal with the relationships between online and offline, digital and physical, and material and immaterial. By taking the current socio-technological conditions of the post-digital and the post-internet seriously, contributors challenge fixed narratives and field-specific ownership of these terms, as well as explore their potential and possible shortcomings when discussing art and education. Chapters also recognize historical forebears of digital art and education while critically assessing art, media, and other realms of engagement. This book encourages readers to explore what kind of educational futures might a post-digital, post-internet era engender.

English teaching and learning Teacher Guide for Year 9 (age 11/12) Works with the Student Book and Teacher Guide from the Inspire English series Full coverage of the KS3 (11-14) National Curriculum in English and the iLowerSecondary Curriculum Designed for International Schools around the world but also suitable for the UK Supports the mastery of specific skills in English through a rigorous curriculum-linked approach

Written in a user-friendly, conversational style, the fourth edition of this groundbreaking text helps pre-service and in-service mathematics teachers build the comfort and confidence they need to begin talking to children about fractions and ratios, distilling complex ideas and translating research into usable ideas for the classroom. For two decades, Teaching Fractions and Ratios for Understanding has pushed readers beyond the limits of their current understanding of fractions and rational numbers, challenging them to refine and explain their thinking without falling back on rules and procedures they have relied on throughout their lives. All of the material offered in the book has been used with students, and is presented so that readers can see the brilliance of their insights as well as the issues that challenge their understanding. Each chapter includes children's strategies and samples of student work for teacher analysis, as well as activities for practicing each thinking strategy, designed to be solved without rules or algorithms, using reasoning alone. The fourth edition of this popular text has been updated throughout and includes new examples of student work, updated artwork, and more. As with previous editions, an equally valuable component of this text is the companion book MORE! Teaching Fractions and Ratios for Understanding (2012), a supplement that is not merely an answer key but a resource that provides the scaffolding for the groundbreaking approach to fraction and ratio instruction explored here. MORE! includes in-depth discussions of selected problems in the main text, supplementary activities, Praxis preparation questions, more student work, and templates for key manipulatives.

Curriculum materials are among the most pervasive and powerful influences on school mathematics. In many mathematics classes, student assignments, the questions the teacher asks, the ways students are grouped, the forms of assessment, and much more originate in curriculum materials. At the same time, teachers have considerable latitude in how they use their curriculum materials. Two classes making use of the same materials may differ markedly in what mathematics content is emphasized and how students are engaged in learning that content. This volume considers a variety of research tools for investigating the enactment of mathematics curriculum materials, describing the conceptualization, development, and uses of seven sets of tools. Mathematics education researchers, curriculum developers, teacher educators, district supervisors, teacher leaders, and math coaches will find insights that can improve their work, and guidance for selecting, adapting, and using tools for understanding the complex relationship between curriculum materials and their enactment in classroom instruction.

The "Boy Crisis" is cited often in educational and news reports due to the consistent reading achievement gap for boys and the statistics paint a dismal picture of boys in school. Politicians and researchers often focus on boys' low scores on reading achievement tests and compare these scores to the girls' scores with little consideration for the actual reading lives of boys. As a result, adolescent boys' vernacular reading is most often misunderstood. This book documents my journey as a mother of three boys and teacher of adolescents, as I attempt to articulate both the in-school and out-of-school experiences of boys. The book describes my attempts at creating a more complete picture of the reading lives and experiences of adolescent boys by describing three boys and their reading experiences in their natural contexts. It provides a rich description, revealing disconnects between school literacy practices and boys' vernacular literacy practices. In this book, parents, administrators, and teachers will find discover the complexity of boys as readers, challenging educators to pursue effective practice and curricular decisions which go beyond the quick fixes for "the boy problem" so often seen in response to low test scores. This book provides parents, administrators, and teachers with an in-depth description of three boy readers. What emerges is a description of the complexity of boys as readers, challenging educators to pursue effective practice and curricular decisions which go beyond the quick fixes for "the boy problem" so often seen in response to low test scores. Teachers interested in mentoring boy readers will find this book helpful. This book can also be used with pre-service and in-service teachers, in undergraduate and graduate courses, and in professional development.

A volume in Advances in Music Education Research Series Editors Linda K. Thompson, Lee University and Mark Robin Campbell, SUNY at Potsdam Research Perspectives: Thought and Practice in Music Education calls attention to various theoretical and methodological aspects within the expanding field of research in music education. Perspectives presented in this volume offer readers a host of ideas and practices that range from international and historical to empirical and philosophical. Of special interest is a set of invited essays. Collectively, these essays illuminate our understanding of the peer review process, the importance of artistic vision in research and education, and the notion of complementarity - a recognition of the validity of diversity of thought and practice in music education research. The studies in Part 1 of Research Perspectives include early childhood musical development, an international comparison of early childhood preservice teacher knowledge and skills, and a psychohistoric examination of developmentally appropriate practice. Part II is comprised of studies focused on psychometrics of motivation, and professional development of practicing music educators. This volume is a significant addition to the libraries of Colleges of Education and Schools of Music, as well as an important reference for music scholars and educators, researchers, and graduate students who are concerned with advancing both the scope and quality of research in the study of music teaching and learning.

Build word power with these 24 ready-to-reproduce, 3-page lessons. Each lesson includes research-based activities that tap students' prior knowledge for greater understanding and give them multiple encounters with new words so they really remember them. Lesson topics include synonyms, antonyms, compound words, content area vocabulary related to key science and social studies topics, and much more. Watch reading skills soar For use with Grade 1.