Solving the pulp and paper industries' environmental problems is essential to maintaining the forest industry and accommodating the changing economic needs of forest communities. This book explores the construction of new mills--operating on new technology that does not produce pollutants--which are vital to the pulp and paper industry.

This is a book about bubble prices, and their consequences, in the timber industry of the Pacific Northwest from 1979-1984. Bubble prices--unusual and rapid rises (and eventual drops) in the prices of a commodity--have been of theoretical interest to economists for many years. This study examines the unusual movements in the price of federal timber and the subsequent recession in the Northwest when timber buyers delayed harvests in order to postpone the realization of their losses on the contracts. Mattey argues that it was not so much the actions of the Federal Reserve, which had been widely blamed for the crisis, but rather the actions of the buyers themselves that caused the recession.

This handbook describes a range of hand tools and simple muscle-powered machinery appropriate to developing countries where abundant labour can offset the problems of limited funds or unreliable sources of energy for mechanization.

This is a comprehensive survey of the technologies for making a wide range of products from chess-men to arm chairs, from trays to solar cookers, using paper. It is a revised and updated edition of the Manual of APT published by IRED, Harare, 1989 and 1991 which has reached 60 or more countries.;The revised edition includes: additional models and extra pages of colour photographs and special supplements on APT in the Service of disabled people which contain models of furniture and equipment dealing especially with the needs of disabled children, and in particular to help develop their ability to sit, stand, walk and their general mobility (for example rocking and moving around on wheeled equipment).

Construction details for a stencil duplicator that can be built using simple woodworking tools, and is easy to use and maintain. Includes templates for use in construction.

Wood is an ideal building material for sustainable architecture. It grows back and absorbs large quantities of CO2. But where does it actually come from in each case, and how will we make forestry and wood processing fit for the future? In what ways are conventional notions of professions and qualifications in architecture, engineering, and construction tested by using wood as building material? French journalist Michele Leloup together with architect Francois Leclercq-a pioneer of timber construction in France-have for a long time explored the ecological, economic, industrial, and technical challenges of using timber for major structures and urban architecture. This book summarises their findings using examples from the French forestry and construction industry. It also takes a look at Austria and the innovative work by Hermann Kaufmann, an internationally revered leader in the further development of traditional timber architecture. In addition, the book features five projects by Leclercq Associes. Richly and attractively illustrated with new images by French architecture photographer Cyrille Weiner, The Wood That Makes Our Cities offers a concise survey of topical questions and findings in contemporary timber construction. Text in French.

This authoritative and hugely popular reference book contains almost 300 colour illustrations showing the natural grain and colour of wood, along with data that includes distribution, properties and uses of more than 300 timbers from world-wide sources.

Orietta Da Rold provides a detailed analysis of the coming of paper to medieval England, and its influence on the literary and non-literary culture of the period. Looking beyond book production, Da Rold maps out the uses of paper and explains the success of this technology in medieval culture, considering how people interacted with it and how it affected their lives. Offering a nuanced understanding of how affordance influenced societal choices, Paper in Medieval England draws on a multilingual array of sources to investigate how paper circulated, was written upon, and was deployed by people across medieval society, from kings to merchants, to bishops, to clerks and to poets, contributing to an understanding of how medieval paper changed communication and shaped modernity.

Implementing Cleaner Production in the pulp and paper industry

The large--and still growing--pulp and paper industry is a capital- and resource-intensive industry that contributes to many environmental problems, including global warming, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, nutrification, and solid wastes. This important reference for professionals in the pulp and paper industry details how to improve manufacturing processes that not only cut down on the emission of pollutants but also increase productivity and decrease costs.

"Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper" guides professionals in the pulp and paper industry to implement the internationally recognized process of Cleaner Production (CP). It provides updated information on CP measures in:

Raw material storage and preparation

Pulping processes (Kraft, Sulphite, and Mechanical)

Bleaching, recovery, and papermaking

Emission treatment and recycled fiber processing

In addition, the book includes a discussion on recent cleaner technologies and their implementation status and benefits in the pulp and paper industry.

Covering every aspect of pulping and papermaking essential to the subject of reducing pollution, this is a must-have for paper and bioprocess engineers, environmental engineers, and corporations in the forest products industry.

Other volumes in the latest edition of Pulp and Paper: Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed. Edited by James P. Casey Volume 1 Contents: Cellulose and Hemicellulose (G.D. McGinnis and F. Shaftzadeh). Lignin (W.G. Glasser). Pulpwood (W.J. Bublitz). Pulping (J.N. McGovern, W.F. Daniell, et al.). Bleaching (V. Loras). Appendix. Index. 1980 Volume 3 Contents: Dry Strength Resins (W.F. Reynolds). Dry Strength Resins (R.B. Wasser). Natural Products for Wet-End Addition (B.T. Hofreiter). Filling and Loading (E. Bohmer). Internal Sizing (J.J. Keavney). Internal Sizing (R.J. Kulick). Retention Chemistry (K.W. Britt). Retention Chemistry (J. E. Unbehend). Wet Strength (K.W. Britt). Dyeing (H.A. Lips). Surface Sizing (M.L. Cushing). Properties of Paper (C.E. Brandon). 1980 Volume 4 Contents: Pigment Coating (C.L. Casey). Printing (M.H. Bruno). Reprography (M, A. Nielsen). Laminating (C.U. Turner). Corrugating (A.J. DiDominias). Corrugating (G.H. Klein). Paper Reinforcement by Polymer Addition (J.F. Waterhouse). Paper Laminates (J.L. Robertson). Aqueous and Solvent Coatings (L.J. Carlson). Extrusion and Hot Melt Coatings (K. Palenik). 1981

Lignin is the main natural resource of aromatic structures on Earth. With the depletion of fossil oil and increased environmental concerns, renewable resources for energy and chemical production have attracted tremendous attention from scientists and engineers. As a renewable aromatic polymer, lignin has been, for a long time, studied in terms of its biosynthesis, structures, reactivities and applications although few portions of lignins available from the industry, mainly pulping mills, have been utilised for various applications. The key for complete and efficient utilisation of lignins is that all aspects, including lignin biosynthesis, structures, functionalities, and properties, about lignins should be understood. Another important attribute related to lignin utilisation comes from analytical methods essential for our understanding of lignins and mechanisms involved in various processes. This book provides critical reviews and the latest research results relating to selected fields of lignin biosynthesis, functional characterisation and applications.

The traditional pulp and paper producers are facing new competitors in tropical and subtropical regions who use the latest and largest installed technologies, and also have wood and labor cost advantages. Due to the increasing global competition, the forest products prices will continue to decrease. To remain viable, the traditional producers need to increase revenue by producing bioenergy and biomaterials in addition to wood, pulp, and paper products. In this so-called Integrated Products Biorefinery, all product lines are highly integrated and energy efficient. Integrated Products Biorefineries present the forest products industry with a unique opportunity to increase revenues and improve environmental sustainability. Integrated Products Biorefinery technologies will allow industry to manufacture high-value chemicals, fuels, and/or electric power while continuing to produce traditional wood, pulp, and paper products. The industry already controls much of the raw material and infrastructure necessary to create Integrated Products Biorefineries, and Agenda 2020 partnerships are speeding development of the key enabling technologies. Once fully developed and commercialized, these technologies will produce enormous energy and environmental benefits for the industry and the nation. "Biorefinery in the Pulp and Paper Industry" presents the biorefining concept, the opportunities for the pulp and paper industry, and describes and discusses emerging biorefinery process options. This book also highlights the environmental impact and the complex and ambiguous decision-making challenges that mills will face when considering implementing the biorefinery.

- Provides up-to-date and authoritative information, citing pertinent research, on this timely and important topic

- Covers in great depth the biorefining concept, opportunities for the pulp and paper industry, and emerging biorefinery process options

- Highlights the environmental impact and the complex and ambiguous decision-making challenges that mills will face when considering implementing the biorefinery

The U.S. pulp and paper industry consumes over $7 billion worth of purchased fuels and electricity per year. Energy efficiency improvement is an important way to reduce these costs and to increase predictable earnings, especially in times of high energy price volatility. There are a variety of opportunities available at individual plants in the U.S. pulp and paper industry to reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner. This book discusses energy efficiency practices and energy-efficient technologies that can be implemented at the component, process, facility and organisational levels. An overview of the trends, structure and energy consumption characteristics of the U.S. pulp and paper industry, along with descriptions of the major process technologies used within the industry are discussed.

Oxbow says: Henry's Mill was just one of thousands of sawmills established in Victoria (Australia) from the 1850s to the Second World War. Rather than focusing on industrial and technological aspects of the mill, Peter Davies presents a social and material history of the lives of the men, women and children living and working at the mill. Based on archaeological and historical evidence, including documentary and oral sources, he asks who the people were that moved to the mill to seek work, where they had come from and their motives for re-locating. He goes on to study their living and working conditions, hygiene, illness and injury, the supply of goods and, and markets for the timber, as well as issues of community development, isolation, integration and consumption practices within the community of Henry's Mill.

For every man who has ever conjured up a picture of himself felling trees in a roar of chainsaw noise and power, "The Backyard Lumberjack" is an account of dreams fulfilled. Father and son lumberjacks Stephen and Frank Philbrick have enjoyed the thrilling destruction of felling, bucking, and splitting timber for hundreds of cords of firewood. Together they bring practical instruction and first-hand advice to every man with a chainsaw. Before there can be any felling of trees or satisfying shouting of Timberl, every potential lumberjack must choose the proper saw. The Philbricks offer buying advice based on the quantity of wood to be cut and the amount of time to be spent on the job. They provide diagrams of chain-saw parts, functions, and maintenance requirements; tables and charts of saw specifications and firewood volume; and personal cautionary tales of on-the-job injuries arm potential lumberjacks with the necessary tools to make informed choices. Chainsaw in hand, father and son move on to detailed instructions on managing a woodlot, felling and bucking, splitting and stacking, and even include fun facts on burning. For every lumberjack chore they offer advice on equipment (chaps, helmets, felling wedges, hatchets, mauls, peeves), careful procedural instruction, safety and efficiency strategies, and always their humorous anecdotes and tales of tree adventure. For the rural lumberjack with acres of wood- land, the suburban guy with a cord of wood to split and stack for the fireplace, or the urban guy who just likes to think about chainsaws, "The Backyard Lumberjack" is as much an engaging read on the legends and experiences of lumberjacking as a practical reference guide.

Assuming you don't want your cabinets, ready-to-assemble (RTA) furniture or other products made from plywood to smell like dirty diapers, a quick look at the Complete Guide to Hardwood Plywood and Face Veneer by Ang Schramm is in order. According to Schramm, South American Lapuna Sumauma wood has a high starch content that is susceptible to attack by anaerobic bacteria while sitting on the bottoms of holding ponds at the veneer plant. The byproducts, butyric acid and caproic acid, exude an odor that may not always be noticeable in properly dried wood in dry conditions but becomes offensive when humidity increases. As can be expected, veneer from this species is in low demand and therefore cheap, and manufacturers buying on price point alone can find themselves in possession of a product whose odor is, at this time, irreversible and without remedy. Not all of the content in this book is so esoteric. The book's 157 pages are organized into sections covering variations in appearance, the veneer manufacturing process, types of veneer matching, grades and product standard, substrates, the hardwood plywood manufacturing process, meeting customer expectations, and troubleshooting common problems. Liberally sprinkled with black-and-white photographs and diagrams, the book gives excellent detail on describing, the processes of plywood and veneer manufacturing so the reader can better understand the advantages and limitations of the product and the various processes. For instance, the chapter on troubleshooting provides a diagram showing why one side of veneer (tight side) is more heat-reflective and impervious to finish than is the other (loose) side, which is more light-refractive and absorbent. By understanding the relative differences between the sides and why those differences exist, it is then possible to present an explanation why starch book-matching veneers has the problem of adjacent sheets of veneer having different light-reflecting/refracting and finish absorbing characteristics. The manual can then proceed to explain different techniques to overcome the variation and present a more uniform appearance (in this case, glue-sizing or wash coating) and to recommend specific products to help achieve the desired result.

Designed to work effectively both as a manual for the logging industry and as a textbook for timber harvesting courses. The sequence of the chapters on logging and associated activities coincides with the consecutive steps in logging - from acquiring the timber through its final transport. This second edition emphasizes environmental considerations - such as the increasing need to reduce excessive soil movement and subsequent siltation.

An in-depth look at the chemistry and chemical technology involved in the manufacture of pulp and paper, the properties of paper, and the uses for paper. This new edition contains contributions by forty recognized authorities in the field. Emphasizes the underlying science and technology and reviews, in detail, chemical and engineering principles. Includes numerous tables, illustrations, and a complete bibliography.

In 2009, there were 13 primary wood-processing mills in North Dakota, 4 more mills than in 2003, and there were 23 active primary wood-processing mills in South Dakota, 2 fewer mills than in 2004. This book focuses on the timber industry in Dakotas and provides an assessment of timber product output and use in 2009.

This book provides an in-depth examination of sawdust and its potential uses and hazards. In chapter one, Yaning Zhang, Bingxi Li, Haochun Zhang, Hongtao Li, Yijun Zhao, and Baocheng Jiang offer research on the exergy of (or maximum work obtainable by) sawdust. Next, Professor Augustine Uchechukwu Elinwa presents research on the potential use of sawdust as cement. In chapter three, Gabriela Nacu and Laura Bulgariu give a synopsis of the use of sawdust as a low-cost absorbent in the treatment of industrial wastewaters while also stressing the most significant benefits of its application. Following this, Redouane Ouafi, Zakia Rais, Mustapha Taleb, Mohamed Benabbou, and Meryem Asri further discuss the efficiency of using sawdust in the absorption of heavy-metals water pollution with the aim of relieving water stress. In closing, Mirjana Stajic, Jelena Vukojevic, and Jasmina Cilerdic look at the potential for sawdust to produce healthful foods and open the door for new species to be farmed commercially if used as a feedstock for food production.

A practical, proven approach to failure analysis of wood and wood-based products using a full range of forensic analysis methods In "Failure Analysis of Wood and Wood-Based Products" an expert in the areas of failure analysis, coatings, and wood preservatives presents innovative ways to analyze obvious wood failure and answer the important question of what went wrong--and who has to pay. The book provides an in-depth look at the various common causes of damage to wood and wood-based materials, including surface and coating damage by chemical influences, damage linked to design and conditions of use, and material characteristics. Analytical methods that can in many cases be carried out locally are presented. Offers a full range of forensic analysis methods, including wood moisture measurement, light microscopy, physical and chemical processes, frottage, imprints, lighting, and staining Many of the described techniques are easy to perform and do not require bringing in outside experts. The methods are designed to clearly convey findings to persons of any background and level of understanding

Wood utilisation research and product development spans a broad spectrum of activities. These activities fall into five categories: harvesting, wood properties, manufacturing and processing, products and testing, and economics and marketing. This book deals with the US federal input in this field.