|
Books > Humanities > History > Asian / Middle Eastern history > From 1900 > Postwar, from 1945 > Vietnam War
By the autumn of 1971 a war-weary American public had endured a
steady stream of bad news about the conduct of its soldiers in
Vietnam. It included reports of fraggings, massacres, and
cover-ups, mutinies, increased racial tensions, and soaring drug
abuse. Then six soldiers at Fire Support Base Pace, a besieged U.S.
artillery outpost near the Cambodian border, balked at an order to
conduct a nighttime ambush patrol. Four days later, twenty soldiers
from a second unit objected to patrolling even in daylight. The
sensation these events triggered in the media, along with calls for
a congressional investigation, reinforced for the American public
the image of a dysfunctional military on the edge of collapse. For
a time Pace became the face of all that was wrong with American
troops during the extended withdrawal from Vietnam. William
Shkurti, however, argues that the incidents at Firebase Pace have
been misunderstood for four decades. Shkurti, who served as an
artillery officer not far from Pace, uses declassified reports,
first-person interviews, and other sources to reveal that these
incidents were only temporary disputes involving veteran soldiers
exercising common sense. Shkurti also uses the Pace incidents to
bring an entire war and our withdrawal from it into much sharper
focus. He reevaluates the performance and motivation of U.S. ground
troops and their commanders during this period, as well as that of
their South Vietnamese allies and North Vietnamese adversaries;
reassesses the media and its coverage of this phase of the war; and
shows how some historians have helped foster misguided notions
about what actually happened at Pace. By taking a closer look at
what we thought we knew, Shkurti persuasively demonstrates how
combat units still in harm's way adapted to the challenges before
them and soldiered on in a war everyone else wanted to be over. In
doing so, he also suggests a context to better understand the
challenges that may lie ahead in the drawdown of troops from Iraq
and Afghanistan.
An army, Lewis Mumford once observed, "is a body of pure
consumers"-and it is logistics that feeds this body's insatiable
appetite for men and materiel. Successful logistics-the
transportation of supplies and combatants to battle-cannot
guarantee victory, but poor logistics portends defeat. In Feeding
Victory, Jobie Turner asks how technical innovation has affected
this connection over time and whether advances in technology, from
the railroad and the airplane to the nuclear weapon and the
computer, have altered both the critical relationship between
logistics and warfare and, ultimately, geopolitical
dynamics.Covering a span of three hundred years, Feeding Victory
focuses on five distinct periods of technological change, from the
preindustrial era to the information age. For each era Turner
presents a case study: the campaign for Lake George from 1755 to
1759, the Western Front in 1917, the Battle of Guadalcanal in 1942,
the Battle of Stalingrad from 1942 to 1943, and the Battle of Khe
Sanh in 1968. In each of these cases the logistics of the
belligerents were at their limit because of geography or the vast
material needs of war. With such limits, the case studies both give
a clear accounting of the logistics of the period, particularly
with respect to the mode of transportation-whether air, land, or
sea-and reveal the inflection points between success and failure.
What are the continuities between eras, Turner asks, and what can
these campaigns tell us about the relationship of technology to
logistics and logistics to geopolitics? In doing so, Turner
discovers just how critical the biological needs of the soldiers on
the battlefield prove to be; in fact, they overwhelm firepower in
their importance, even in the modern era. His work shows how
logistics aptly represents technological shifts from the
enlightenment to the dawn of the twentyfirst century and how, in
our time, ideas have come to trump the material forces of war.
General William C. Westmoreland has long been derided for his
failed strategy of "attrition" in the Vietnam War. Historians have
argued that Westmoreland's strategy placed a premium on high "body
counts" through a "big unit war" that relied almost solely on
search and destroy missions. Many believe the U.S. Army failed in
Vietnam because of Westmoreland's misguided and narrow strategy In
a groundbreaking reassessment of American military strategy in
Vietnam, Gregory Daddis overturns conventional wisdom and shows how
Westmoreland did indeed develop a comprehensive campaign which
included counterinsurgency, civic action, and the importance of
gaining political support from the South Vietnamese population.
Exploring the realities of a large, yet not wholly unconventional
environment, Daddis reinterprets the complex political and military
battlefields of Vietnam. Without searching for blame, he analyzes
how American civil and military leaders developed strategy and how
Westmoreland attempted to implement a sweeping strategic vision.
Westmoreland's War is a landmark reinterpretation of one of
America's most divisive wars, outlining the multiple,
interconnected aspects of American military strategy in
Vietnam-combat operations, pacification, nation building, and the
training of the South Vietnamese armed forces. Daddis offers a
critical reassessment of one of the defining moments in American
history.
|
|