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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Social welfare & social services > Welfare & benefit systems
A Work of the Greatest Utility to the Brethren of the Society to Mankind in General and to the Ladies in Particular. Contents: Freemasonry's history world-wide; Edict of Rome against the Freemasons; Members expelled from the Society for Crimes; Masonic Secrecy; Masonic Oaths; Symbolism; Jewelry; Prayers Hieroglyphics; Charity; Spirituality.
Painful Inheritance is the first comprehensive examination of the impact of single motherhood on the physical and mental health of women and their children. Based on solid scientific information, it documents serious, long-term health consequences associated with the poverty and social disorganization in which such families often live. Ronald J. Angel and Jacqueline L. Angel show that the elevated health risks associated with single motherhood are largely the result of factors related to social class, including early motherhood and chronic poverty. They demonstrate the dependency of single mothers and their children on health-related social welfare programs and document how under Social Security and Medicare the old have benefited economically at the expense of the young. Today, poverty is concentrated among families with children, a disproportionate number of which are fatherless. The evidence presented here makes it clear that the physical, mental, and social health consequences of that poverty will be felt by society for generations to come. The Angels look at the potential consequences of legislative changes in health-related federal and state welfare programs, and they assess the effects that coming changes in the organization and financing of medical care will have on the health of poor, single women and their children. In revealing the complexity of the situation, Painful Inheritance communicates a clear message that the worsening economic circumstances of poor, minority fatherless families simply cannot be ignored if many members of our future generations are not to suffer some degree of physical or mental impairment.
From the author of "The Veteran's Survival Guide, The Veteran's PTSD Handbook" addresses the obstacles that veterans face when filing for benefits related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One of the greatest obstacles, John Roche writes, is establishing a connection between a veteran's service and PTSD. Because both combat stressors and noncombat stressors can cause PTSD and because of the difficulties in diagnosing the condition, filing a successful claim for benefits based on PTSD is difficult.In the same accessible, self-help style used in "The Veteran's Survival Guide," Roche offers detailed instructions on how to prepare a well-grounded claim for veterans' benefits relating to PTSD. He also discusses the four years he spent helping one veteran establish a "service connection" for his PTSD claim with Veterans Affairs. This book will be required reading for any veteran or veteran's dependent who wishes to obtain his or her well-earned benefits and for those officials of veterans' service organizations who assist veterans with their claims.
Empirical analysis of two decades of pioneering pension and social security reform in Latin America and the Caribbean shows that much has been achieved, but that critical challenges remain. In tackling this unfinished agenda, a great deal can be learned from the reform experience of countries in the region. Keeping the Promise, produced by the chief economist's office in the Latin America and Caribbean Region at the World Bank, evaluates policy reforms in 12 countries, points to successes and shortcomings, and proposes priorities and options for future reform. ""Keeping the Promise provides a timely assessment of two decades of pension reform experience-with a wealth of new data, and empirical evaluation of reformed social security systems. Many economists and policymakers will not be persuaded by some of the main conclusions and recommendations-such as the supposed failure to increase coverage, and the call for strengthening a pay-as-you-go defined-benefit scheme for poverty prevention-but they will welcome the book's critical appraisal. This is required reading for pension specialists and policymakers in Latin America and beyond.""-Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, Chief of Economic Research, Central Bank of Chile ""A heavyweight analysis of the Latin American pension revolution which raises important questions about the optimal scale of compulsory saving when redesigning pension systems. "" -Paul Wallace, The Economist
In a new study, Patricia Morgan shows how tax and benefits policy has undermined family life in Britain and encouraged fraud and dishonesty. The study shows how the tax and benefits systems are particularly harsh on single-earner couples who have to earn over GBP50,000 before there is no loss from declaring their relationship to the authorities. This situation encourages couples not to marry and, if they are living together, to lie to the authorities about their family situation. In 2004/05, the government paid credits and benefits to 200,000 more lone parents than actually live in the UK -- fraud is widespread. The tax and benefits system encourages such fraud. In the most extreme case, a couple can gain nearly GBP10,000 a year by not declaring their relationship. Family life has been discouraged over 25 years by both Conservative and Labour governments. In the Thatcher years, the Conservative government gave lone parents special financial benefits and priority entitlement to council housing. In the Labour years, the state increasingly became the child-care provider. As Patricia Morgan comments, "Under Thatcher, the state became the bread-winner for lone parents; under Brown the state became the child carer. The consequences are obvious -- couples are strongly encouraged not to commit to each other because, by doing so, they will lose out financially. Both Conservative and Labour governments also removed any offsetting compensation in the tax system that had previously helped two-parent families." Government policy penalising two-parent families has had a disastrous economic and social effect. Couples who describe themselves as "closely involved" are twelve times more likely than married couples to split up in the first three years of a childs life. There are also higher levels of worklessness and benefit dependency -- lone parent families receiving an average of 66% of their income in benefits and tax credits. Morgan shows how it is clear from international evidence, examining trends over time and by looking at the behaviour of individuals on different levels of income, that the tax and benefits system has caused the increase in lone parent families. Where there are no incentives for lone parenthood, couples tend to stay together, marry and ensure that they can support their children independently of the state. Individuals and couples respond rationally to the incentives they face -- currently the government is giving families perverse incentives, encouraging them not to form stable family units. Major changes in the tax and benefit system are necessary. Benefits to lone parents could be reduced. Also, the perverse incentives in the benefits system that discourage couples from committing together should be offset by a tax system that recognises families. In particular, families should be allowed to allocate the income of the main earner to non-earners in the family for tax purposes. Reforms to the tax and benefits system should be bolstered by reforms to the "no fault" divorce laws that currently allow a guilty party to walk away from their marriage contract whilst imposing financial penalties on the injured party.
"Claim denied!" All too often millions of veterans have received this response to their legitimate claims for federal benefits. In most cases, writes veterans' advocate John D. Roche, the claimant didn't understand the procedures needed to meet the myriad requirements of the Department of Veterans Affairs. With the appeals process requiring years to resolve disputes, deserving veterans and their dependents are left confused and frustrated by the agency and a system that was created to serve them. The answer is to submit a well-grounded claim initially, which "The Veteran's Survival Guide," now in a revised, second edition, analyzes in detail. This unique book, written in an accessible self-help style, will be required reading for any veteran or veteran's dependent who wishes to obtain his or her well-earned benefits and for those officials of veterans' service organizations who assist veterans with their claims.
Since the rise of the Canadian welfare state in the aftermath of the Second World War, the politics of social policy and fiscal federalism have been at the centre of federal-provincial relations. Recent events have given impetus for scholars to re-examine these issues. In 2002, the Quebec Commission on Fiscal Imbalance released its report, which introduced the term 'vertical fiscal imbalance' into the vocabulary of Canadian politics. Essentially, the commission determined that a disjunction between revenue-raising capacity and expenditures involving different orders of government - vertical fiscal imbalance - was an urgent problem that must be addressed. Dilemmas of Solidarity is both a reflection on and response to that finding. Editors Sujit Choudhry, Jean-Francois Graudreault-Desbiens, and Lorne Sossin bring together an array of respected legal and political scholars to reflect on the Quebec Commission's findings. The contributors to this volume illustrate how recent debates surrounding Canada's equalization program suggest alternative ways to approach the issue. The goal of Dilemmas of Solidarity is to stand back from the particulars of different policy debates, to enable scholars to reflect on basic questions regarding redistribution. This fascinating collection will undoubtedly inform a more nuanced and wide-ranging debate both among academics and policy practitioners than has occurred in this past. Contributors: Paul Boothe Katherine Boothe Sujit Choudhry David Duff Jean-Francois Gaudreault-DesBiens Andree Lajoie Alain Noel Peter H. Russell Richard Simeon Lorne Sossin Fran ois Vaillancourt Daniel Weinstock.
Examines the tragic crime of familicide, the murder suicide of children and a parent in the context of a dispute over custody or access. The trauma of this offence reverberates through the families, communities and across generations, causing mental and physical illness and social dysfunction.
In this collective biography, Rhonda Y. Williams takes us behind,
and beyond, politically expedient labels to provide an incisive and
intimate portrait of poor black women in urban America. Drawing on
dozens of interviews, Williams challenges the notion that
low-income housing was a resounding failure that doomed three
consecutive generations of post-war Americans to entrenched
poverty. Instead, she recovers a history of grass-roots activism,
of political awakening, and of class mobility, all facilitated by
the creation of affordable public housing. The stereotyping of
black women, especially mothers, has obscured a complicated and
nuanced reality too often warped by the political agendas of both
the left and the right, and has prevented an accurate understanding
of the successes and failures of government anti-poverty
policy.
At the outset of his second term, President Bush's proposal to partially privatize Social Security has touched off a debate of enormous proportion. Disentangling the rhetoric and hyperbole from fact is essential for anyone trying to evaluate the potential merits or pitfalls of the plan. Leonard and Mark Santow-a father-and-son team who integrate two different political viewpoints (fiscally conservative and socially liberal, respectively)-offer specific recommendations for improving Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid in socially responsible ways that relieve some of the stress on the middle class and promote upward mobility. Explaining sophisticated economic concepts in layman's terms, the Santows expose myths about how entitlement programs actually work, arguing, for example, that while the financial state of Social Security gets most of the press, Medicare and Medicaid are in much more serious trouble. They integrate conservative and liberal viewponts to propose a package of reforms that includes both tax cuts and increases and an overhaul of the government's economic forecasting system. Synthesizing mountains of data and explaining sophisticated economic concepts in layman's terms, the Santows expose myths about how entitlement programs actually work, arguing, for example, that while the financial state of Social Security gets most of the press, Medicare and Medicaid are in much more serious trouble. Moreover, they are highly critical of privatization plans, demonstrating that similar programs have failed in other countries and that such plans are programs are neither fiscally nor socially sound. If the American people value the common commitments that these programs embody, we will need to see them as a package, and fund them accordingly. In response to this challenge, the Santows integrate conservative and liberal viewpoints to propose a package of reforms that includes both tax cuts and increases and an overhaul of the government's economic forecasting system. Featuring a timeline of key events since Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act in 1935 and an appendix of data tables, the authors offer a primer for concerned citizens, policymakers, educators, students, and finance professionals-anyone with a stake in designing a system that pays for these essential programs in an equitable manner and contributes to our collective prosperity. Featuring a timeline of key events since Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act in 1935 and an appendix of data tables, the authors offer a primer for concerned citizens, policymakers, educators, students, and finance professionals-anyone with a stake in designing a system that pays for these essential programs in an equitable manner and contributes to our collective prosperity.
Abram Bergson has been making significant contributions to economic theory since the 1930s, and this selection of fifteen of his most influential essays exhibits in large part the breadth of his range. The book's primary focus, however, is on those aspects of economic theory to which he has given sustained attention over the whole course of his career: welfare and socialist economics.Part I, Social Welfare and the Economic Optimum, presents the author's seminal early article on the concept of social welfare and two additional essays on the relation of social choice theory to welfare economics and on the import of taste differences for optimal income distribution.In Part II, Problems of Measurement, the critique of Frisch's methods of marginal utility measurement that has become a classic is followed by three essays on consumer's surplus analysis, including the frequently cited paper on monopoly welfare losses. A final paper elaborates for factor productivity calculation the index number theory that was developed by Moorsteen and the author for output measurement.In Part III, Public Enterprise and Socialist Economics, two surveys of the theory of socialist economics that are standard references in the field are followed by an essay on the politics of socialist efficiency and by two studies of public enterprise, one on optimal pricing and the other on managerial riskbearing.Finally, Part IV, Prices, Income, and Employment, consists of two papers that represent an early effort to integrate macro- and microeconomics, a matter that has since become of wide interest.Abram Bergson has taught at Harvard University since 1956; he is now George F. Baker Professor of Economics.
What are the objectives of social security and social assistance provisions? How can we establish whether these provisions are effective? How do countries differ in the design and effectiveness of their social security systems? This introductory textbook provides a foundation for the systematic study of social security and means-tested social assistance. The book is structured around a model of policy evaluation, which focuses attention on the multiple objectives and outcomes of social security and provides the basis for a multi-disciplinary approach. It progresses from an examination of the varied objectives of social security, via a consideration of key implementation issues, to the establishment of measures of effectiveness and efficiency. Throughout the text theoretical issues are illustrated with reference to the experiences of six countries: the United Kingdom, the USA, Australia, Germany, Sweden and South Korea, to provide an international comparative framework. This is a key textbook for students of social and public policy and economics and essential reading for anyone interested in social security, social welfare and the welfare state.
Combining powerful personal stories with astute analysis and recommendations, "Always on Call" reveals the hidden struggles of the more than 25 million family caregivers in the United States. While family members have always provided care for one another, recent changes in health care have placed tremendous new responsibilities on them--responsibilities that, only a decade ago, were a routine part of hospital care. The prevalence of chronic rather than acute illness, trends toward shorter hospital stays, increased outpatient care, and limited insurance benefits for in-home care now leave family caregiving as the only option for many Americans. This book, first published in 2000 and now substantially
updated, presents an intimate look at the world of family
caregiving. The compelling narratives by caregivers capture the
intensity of the caregiving experience, while chapters by noted
health care professionals, many of whom speak of their own
experiences, analyze the impact of caregiving, urge more
professional advocacy on behalf of caregivers, and offer insightful
suggestions for building partnerships for change and fostering
improvement. This second edition includes: Designed for family caregivers, health professionals, administrators, pastoral care providers, policymakers, patient and caregiver advocates, and human resource professionals, "Always on Call" is an essential book for understanding the current realities of family caregiving. Equally important, it builds a compelling case for change. A United Hospital Fund Book
In the present volume Cathal O'Connel looks at the retreat of the public in the area of housing. The changing ownership structures actually affect largely the entire modes of living together societally and socially -- accommodation and settlement structures are reconstructed under a certain aegis of privatised options -- of which an enforced opting-out is one of the forms of the de-civilising role of the 'regulated de-regulation', by which the state is backing out public responsibility, creating space for a new 'invisible hand', though this is highly visible in form of multinational capital. The same shift of the 'individualisation of the social' is pertinent in third level education which Deirdre Ryan and Peter Herrmann are investigating. In the EU, the current debate on what is called 'Services of General Interests' the focus is on access and quality. Ryan/Herrmann clarify in a distinguished way that in this educational context economy matters not only in regard of accessibility, but as well in quality not least in the meaning of 'trimming substance'. What in these cases is more linked to individual policy areas, radiating and affecting indirectly the entire societal and social fabric, is mirrored and coined by the wider mechanisms of policy making and actually politics. Catherine Forde points on respective mechanisms in local government, making clear that formal restructuration actually does not open 'closed systems'; instead they create a kind of black whole -- claims of opening spaces for participation degenerate into unlevelled playgrounds. Problems of balancing such 'open spaces' between the formal openness and the actually available 'real living space' are topical in Rosie Meade's contribution. It is getting obvious that responsibility is both a question of rights and personal commitment. Joe Finnerty in his contribution points on the most important fact, that the role of scientific research and the measurement of social and societal processes is as well not least a matter of commitment -- it has to be guaranteed and clarified and 'objective reason' is not concerned with expelling subjective factors and artificially reducing complexity by constructing arithmetical constraints; instead, the development of indicator-oriented methods has to sublate and supersede complexity.
Combining powerful personal stories with astute analysis and recommendations, "Always on Call" reveals the hidden struggles of the more than 25 million family caregivers in the United States. While family members have always provided care for one another, recent changes in health care have placed tremendous new responsibilities on them--responsibilities that, only a decade ago, were a routine part of hospital care. The prevalence of chronic rather than acute illness, trends toward shorter hospital stays, increased outpatient care, and limited insurance benefits for in-home care now leave family caregiving as the only option for many Americans. This book, first published in 2000 and now substantially
updated, presents an intimate look at the world of family
caregiving. The compelling narratives by caregivers capture the
intensity of the caregiving experience, while chapters by noted
health care professionals, many of whom speak of their own
experiences, analyze the impact of caregiving, urge more
professional advocacy on behalf of caregivers, and offer insightful
suggestions for building partnerships for change and fostering
improvement. This second edition includes: Designed for family caregivers, health professionals, administrators, pastoral care providers, policymakers, patient and caregiver advocates, and human resource professionals, "Always on Call" is an essential book for understanding the current realities of family caregiving. Equally important, it builds a compelling case for change. A United Hospital Fund Book
In the last quarter of the twentieth century, the global political
economy has undergone a profound transformation. Democracy has
swept the globe, and both rich and developing nations must compete
in an increasingly integrated world economy.
With the enactment of the Family Support Act of 1988, every state is now required to implement a workfare program. Workfare is designed to supplement and ultimately replace welfare with job training programs. Nathan examines the roles of job training, job placement, education, and child care services as a route to transforming welfare payment programs into systems that stress jobs and services for welfare families.
This is one of two volumes devoted to pension reform that are appearing as part of a series of studies of social security issues prepared by the ILO. The two pension volumes examine approaches to reform taken by four advanced EU-applicant countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia.
This is one of two volumes devoted to pension reform that are appearing as part of a series of studies of social security issues prepared by the ILO. The two pension volumes examine approaches to reform taken by four advanced EU-applicant countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia.
Recommendations for infant and toddler care and development based on current brain research and its implications How much do children's early experiences affect their cognitive and social development? How important is the parent's role in child development? Is it possible to ameliorate or reverse the consequences of early developmental deficits? This vitally important book draws on the latest research from the social sciences and studies on the brain to answer these questions and to explore what they mean for social policy and child and family development. The authors affirm that sound social policy providing for safe and appropriate early care, education, health care, and parent support is critical not only for the optimal development of children, but also for strengthening families, communities, and the nation as a whole. Offering a wealth of advice and recommendations, they explain: * the benefits of family leave, child care, and home visitation programs; * the damage that child abuse inflicts; * the vital importance of nutrition (and breast feeding) for pregnant women and young children; * the adverse effects that occur in misguided efforts to disseminate research too early; * and more. Written by experts in the field of early child development, care, and education, the book is essential reading for parents and policymakers alike.
List of Tables Preface 1. Introduction Introduction; Family environment; Family Environment and School Performance; Justification of the study; Statement of the Problem; Operational Definitions; Objectives of the Study; Hypotheses of the Study; Delimitation of the Study. 2. Review of Related Literature 3. Plan and Procedure Introduction; Methodology; Sampling; Tools used; Construction of Family Environment Scale; Family Environment Scale for Children; Family Environment Scale for Parents; Non Verbal Test of Intelligence; Socio Economic Status Inventory; Data Collection; Statistical Techniques used. 4. Analysis, Interpretation and Discussion of Results Introduction; School Performance of Elementary School Children Relation to their Family Environment, Intelligence and Socio-Economic Status; School Performance of Elementary School Children in Relation to Childrens Perception of Family Environment; School Performance of Elementary School Children in Relation to Parents Perception of Family Environment; School Performance of Elementary School Children in Relation to their Intelligence; Impact of Family Environment on School Performance of Elementary School Children; School Performance Differentials in Elementary School Children at Different Level of Family Environment (as Perceived by Children); School Performance Differentials of Elementary School Children at Different Levels 6 Family Environment and School Performance of Family Environment as Perceived by Parents; Impact of Family Environment on the School Performance of Elementary School Children belonging to Similar Intelligence Group; School performance Differentials in Elementary School Children belonging to Similar intelligence group at different levels of Overall Family Environment (as perceived by children); School Performance Differentials in Elementary School Children belonging to Similar Intelligence Group at Different Levels of Five Dimensions of Family Environment (as perceived by Children); School Performance Differentials in Elementary School Children belonging to Similar Intelligence Group at Different Levels of Overall Family Environment (as perceived by Parents); School Performance Differentials in Elementary School Children belonging to Similar Intelligence Group at Different Levels of Five Dimensions of Family Environment as Perceived by Parents; Discussion of Results. 5. Main Findings Educational Implications and Suggestion for Further Research Main Findings; School Performance of Elementary School Children in Relation to their Family Environment, Intelligence and Socio-Economic Status; Impact of Family Environment on School Performance of Elementary School Children as Brought out by School Performance Differentials at Different Levels of Family Environment; Impact of Family Environment on School Performance of Elementary School Children Belonging to Similar Intelligence Groups as Brought out by School Performance Differentials at Different Levels of Family Environment (As Perceived by Children and Parents); Educational Implication; Suggestion for Further Research. Summery Introduction; Justification of the Study; Statement of the Problem; Operational Definition of the Terms Used; Family Environment; Objectives of the Study; Hypotheses; Delimitation of the Study; Method; Sample; Tools Used; Statistical Techniques Used; Main Findings; Educational Implication; Suggestion for Further Research. Appendices Bibliography Index
Population ageing has fuelled interest in pensions and intergenerational equity, leading to privatization of pensions. Yet the gender implications of such policies and the connections between the gender contract and the generational contract remain unexplored. Women, Work and Pensions examines how women's paid and unpaid work, interacting with the gendered pension systems of six liberal welfare states - Britain, the US, Canada, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand - contributes to female poverty in later life. By comparing how these welfare states deal with women's employment, family roles and pension entitlement, the nature of the residual welfare model is better understood. Changes over the past three decades in the gender contract and in women's employment suggest that family caring may have less impact on women's pensions in the future. Yet pension reforms which diminish the effectiveness of women-friendly features in state pensions through cuts and privatization point in the opposite direction. This issue, and how the pension penalties of caring vary with women's class, ethnicity and birth cohort, are major themes of the book.
This comprehensive Medicare manual will bridge the gap between confusing Medicare rules and the real world. For the 39 million people already on Medicare, it contains an overview of what Medicare covers, and what it does not (a relatively short list), and explains when to pay bills and when NOT to.
The beginning of the twentieth century witnessed a remarkable growth of corporate welfare programs in American industry. By the mid-1920s, 80 percent of the nation's largest companies--firms including DuPont, International Harvester, and Metropolitan Life Insurance--engaged in some form of welfare work. Programs were implemented to achieve goals that ranged from improving basic workplace conditions, to providing educational, recreational, and social opportunities for workers and their families, to establishing savings and insurance plans. Employing the critical lens of gender analysis, Nikki Mandell offers an innovative perspective on the development of corporate welfare. She argues that its advocates sought to build a new relationship between labor and management by recasting the modern corporation as a Victorian family. Employers assumed the authoritative position of fathers, assigned their employees the subordinate role of children, and hired male and female welfare managers to act as ""corporate mothers"" charged with creating a harmonious household. But internal conflict and external pressures weakened the corporate welfare system, and it eventually gave way to a system of personnel management and employee representation. With the abandonment of the familial model, the form of corporate welfare changed; but, as Mandell demonstrates, its content left an enduring legacy for modern industrial relations. |Mandell examines the growth of corporate welfare programs around the turn of the 20th century. She argues that businessmen hoped such programs would transform conflict-ridden relations between management and labor into a harmonious partnership modeled after the Victorian family. |
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