Combining powerful personal stories with astute analysis and recommendations, "Always on Call" reveals the hidden struggles of the more than 25 million family caregivers in the United States. While family members have always provided care for one another, recent changes in health care have placed tremendous new responsibilities on them--responsibilities that, only a decade ago, were a routine part of hospital care. The prevalence of chronic rather than acute illness, trends toward shorter hospital stays, increased outpatient care, and limited insurance benefits for in-home care now leave family caregiving as the only option for many Americans.

This book, first published in 2000 and now substantially updated, presents an intimate look at the world of family caregiving. The compelling narratives by caregivers capture the intensity of the caregiving experience, while chapters by noted health care professionals, many of whom speak of their own experiences, analyze the impact of caregiving, urge more professional advocacy on behalf of caregivers, and offer insightful suggestions for building partnerships for change and fostering improvement. This second edition includes:
- caregiving as a workplace dilemma
- the added burdens of end-of-life caregiving
- clinician-family conflicts (and new approaches for resolving them)
- new federal and state policy initiatives
- resources for families and professionals
- a new section on innovative caregiving programs
- new chapter on the financial impact of caregiving

Designed for family caregivers, health professionals, administrators, pastoral care providers, policymakers, patient and caregiver advocates, and human resource professionals, "Always on Call" is an essential book for understanding the current realities of family caregiving. Equally important, it builds a compelling case for change.

A United Hospital Fund Book

Combining powerful personal stories with astute analysis and recommendations, "Always on Call" reveals the hidden struggles of the more than 25 million family caregivers in the United States. While family members have always provided care for one another, recent changes in health care have placed tremendous new responsibilities on them--responsibilities that, only a decade ago, were a routine part of hospital care. The prevalence of chronic rather than acute illness, trends toward shorter hospital stays, increased outpatient care, and limited insurance benefits for in-home care now leave family caregiving as the only option for many Americans.

This book, first published in 2000 and now substantially updated, presents an intimate look at the world of family caregiving. The compelling narratives by caregivers capture the intensity of the caregiving experience, while chapters by noted health care professionals, many of whom speak of their own experiences, analyze the impact of caregiving, urge more professional advocacy on behalf of caregivers, and offer insightful suggestions for building partnerships for change and fostering improvement. This second edition includes:
- caregiving as a workplace dilemma
- the added burdens of end-of-life caregiving
- clinician-family conflicts (and new approaches for resolving them)
- new federal and state policy initiatives
- resources for families and professionals
- a new section on innovative caregiving programs
- new chapter on the financial impact of caregiving

Designed for family caregivers, health professionals, administrators, pastoral care providers, policymakers, patient and caregiver advocates, and human resource professionals, "Always on Call" is an essential book for understanding the current realities of family caregiving. Equally important, it builds a compelling case for change.

A United Hospital Fund Book

This is one of two volumes devoted to pension reform that are appearing as part of a series of studies of social security issues prepared by the ILO. The two pension volumes examine approaches to reform taken by four advanced EU-applicant countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia.

"Practical, technical and topical, this new title from Architectural Design brings together contributions on all aspects of housing around the world: from design solutions to the focus on technical and cultural approaches to affordable innovation in housing design"

Housing for the people. What opportunities exist? Who is breaking down the boundaries to create innovative housing stock? Attitudes towards mass housing are changing. Progressive techniques, materials and technologies are opening up new possibilities and new alliances are being hammered out between designers and house builders. Could this signal the onset of a new era of design-conscious mass housing?

With contributors writing from six distinct geographical areas - the UK, the East Coast of the US, the West Coast of the US, Sweden, Japan and Australia - this book provides a global picture of the kinds of solutions available.

List of Tables Preface 1. Introduction Introduction; Family environment; Family Environment and School Performance; Justification of the study; Statement of the Problem; Operational Definitions; Objectives of the Study; Hypotheses of the Study; Delimitation of the Study. 2. Review of Related Literature 3. Plan and Procedure Introduction; Methodology; Sampling; Tools used; Construction of Family Environment Scale; Family Environment Scale for Children; Family Environment Scale for Parents; Non Verbal Test of Intelligence; Socio Economic Status Inventory; Data Collection; Statistical Techniques used. 4. Analysis, Interpretation and Discussion of Results Introduction; School Performance of Elementary School Children Relation to their Family Environment, Intelligence and Socio-Economic Status; School Performance of Elementary School Children in Relation to Childrens Perception of Family Environment; School Performance of Elementary School Children in Relation to Parents Perception of Family Environment; School Performance of Elementary School Children in Relation to their Intelligence; Impact of Family Environment on School Performance of Elementary School Children; School Performance Differentials in Elementary School Children at Different Level of Family Environment (as Perceived by Children); School Performance Differentials of Elementary School Children at Different Levels 6 Family Environment and School Performance of Family Environment as Perceived by Parents; Impact of Family Environment on the School Performance of Elementary School Children belonging to Similar Intelligence Group; School performance Differentials in Elementary School Children belonging to Similar intelligence group at different levels of Overall Family Environment (as perceived by children); School Performance Differentials in Elementary School Children belonging to Similar Intelligence Group at Different Levels of Five Dimensions of Family Environment (as perceived by Children); School Performance Differentials in Elementary School Children belonging to Similar Intelligence Group at Different Levels of Overall Family Environment (as perceived by Parents); School Performance Differentials in Elementary School Children belonging to Similar Intelligence Group at Different Levels of Five Dimensions of Family Environment as Perceived by Parents; Discussion of Results. 5. Main Findings Educational Implications and Suggestion for Further Research Main Findings; School Performance of Elementary School Children in Relation to their Family Environment, Intelligence and Socio-Economic Status; Impact of Family Environment on School Performance of Elementary School Children as Brought out by School Performance Differentials at Different Levels of Family Environment; Impact of Family Environment on School Performance of Elementary School Children Belonging to Similar Intelligence Groups as Brought out by School Performance Differentials at Different Levels of Family Environment (As Perceived by Children and Parents); Educational Implication; Suggestion for Further Research. Summery Introduction; Justification of the Study; Statement of the Problem; Operational Definition of the Terms Used; Family Environment; Objectives of the Study; Hypotheses; Delimitation of the Study; Method; Sample; Tools Used; Statistical Techniques Used; Main Findings; Educational Implication; Suggestion for Further Research. Appendices Bibliography Index

This is one of two volumes devoted to pension reform that are appearing as part of a series of studies of social security issues prepared by the ILO. The two pension volumes examine approaches to reform taken by four advanced EU-applicant countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia.

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in children born out of wedlock. Such a situation is of great concern because the poorest demographic group in America is children in single-parent families, which puts great strain on the welfare rolls and adversely impacts the economy. And one should not neglect the influence on the children, who often go through life without a father. Everyone who fathers a child is obligated to at least contribute financially to child support, rather than dodge that responsibility. Consequently, the government has increased its efforts in child support enforcement by establishing paternities through DNA tests and attempting, with the aid of state and local agencies, to apprehend so-called 'dead-beat dads'. This book presents background information on paternity establishment and its process, while describing several relevant federal programs and policy options. Included are analyses of genetic testing and the legislative history of this issue. With the increase in single-parent families and the problems they face, the topic of paternity establishment holds great importance to today's society, and this book is a valuable tool in understanding the facts around the issue.

Population ageing has fuelled interest in pensions and intergenerational equity, leading to privatization of pensions. Yet the gender implications of such policies and the connections between the gender contract and the generational contract remain unexplored. Women, Work and Pensions examines how women's paid and unpaid work, interacting with the gendered pension systems of six liberal welfare states - Britain, the US, Canada, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand - contributes to female poverty in later life. By comparing how these welfare states deal with women's employment, family roles and pension entitlement, the nature of the residual welfare model is better understood. Changes over the past three decades in the gender contract and in women's employment suggest that family caring may have less impact on women's pensions in the future. Yet pension reforms which diminish the effectiveness of women-friendly features in state pensions through cuts and privatization point in the opposite direction. This issue, and how the pension penalties of caring vary with women's class, ethnicity and birth cohort, are major themes of the book.

This comprehensive Medicare manual will bridge the gap between confusing Medicare rules and the real world. For the 39 million people already on Medicare, it contains an overview of what Medicare covers, and what it does not (a relatively short list), and explains when to pay bills and when NOT to.

Since its enactment in 1935, Social Security has been amended hundreds of times. Consequently, this paper is not fully comprehensive. Instead, it briefly summarises discussions on individual major amendments. These summations do not capture the range of motivations behind Social Security votes; rather they record the arguments expressed at the time and, by so doing, attempt to give the reader the tone and context of the debate on major Social Security issues brought before the House and Senate chambers.

The beginning of the twentieth century witnessed a remarkable growth of corporate welfare programs in American industry. By the mid-1920s, 80 percent of the nation's largest companies--firms including DuPont, International Harvester, and Metropolitan Life Insurance--engaged in some form of welfare work. Programs were implemented to achieve goals that ranged from improving basic workplace conditions, to providing educational, recreational, and social opportunities for workers and their families, to establishing savings and insurance plans. Employing the critical lens of gender analysis, Nikki Mandell offers an innovative perspective on the development of corporate welfare. She argues that its advocates sought to build a new relationship between labor and management by recasting the modern corporation as a Victorian family. Employers assumed the authoritative position of fathers, assigned their employees the subordinate role of children, and hired male and female welfare managers to act as ""corporate mothers"" charged with creating a harmonious household. But internal conflict and external pressures weakened the corporate welfare system, and it eventually gave way to a system of personnel management and employee representation. With the abandonment of the familial model, the form of corporate welfare changed; but, as Mandell demonstrates, its content left an enduring legacy for modern industrial relations. |Mandell examines the growth of corporate welfare programs around the turn of the 20th century. She argues that businessmen hoped such programs would transform conflict-ridden relations between management and labor into a harmonious partnership modeled after the Victorian family.

Schorr provides an informed examination of the sources of welfare reform, its successes and considerable failures, and the economic and social forces that shaped the 1996 welfare reform. He summarizes developments in the history of welfare that led to an overwhelming public call for reform. Having participated in many of these developments as a high government official and as a policy practitioner, Schorr brings a unique perspective to these issues.

Assessment of accomplishments and damage rests on reports, research, and extensive data. Concluding that the 1996 legislation was the wrong way to go, Schorr explores underlying policy issues; Should all mothers be required to work at all times? How do we define poverty? How are wages related to welfare?--to frame solutions. In the process, Schorr underscores why welfare recipients are not a population distinct from the working poor population; that low wages, poor welfare, and our unequal distribution of income are tightly linked; and that reforming welfare will require major economic and social changes. Schorr offers a chilling forecast of the society we will have if we continue on our current course and, as an alternative, outlines deeply changed, more constructive policies. Must reading for scholars, students, and policy makers as well as those in the general public concerned with social welfare policies.

This is the fifth and final in a Series of five manuals produced by the Social Security Department of the ILO to provide the reader with information on all the major elements of social security, including the principles, administration, financing, pension schemes and social health insurance. It provides an overview of social health insurance schemes and looks at the development of health care policies and feasibility issues. In addition, it also examines the design of health insurance schemes, health care benefits, financing and costs, and organization as well as considering the operational and strategic information requirements. Other manuals in this series: - Social security principles (Vol. I) - Administration of social security (Vol. II) - Social security financing (Vol. III) - Pension schemes (Vol. IV)

A supportive, practical guide for the recovering addict's family - From the author of Treating the Alcoholic, and Treating Adult Children of Alcoholics - A supportive, helpful, practical book for family members of recovering addicts - Offers both practical, immediate assistance, and a long-term perspective - Includes progress charts and exercises for each family member to record experiences of the recovery program ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Successful recovery from drug and alcohol addiction is not only a harrowing journey for the addict, but for the addict's family as well. Even though recovery often places a severe stress on recovering families, they are rarely encouraged to go outside to find the support they need. If outside help is unavailable, families are left to struggle with an unhealthy system of relating that's often all wrong for recovery. This guide seeks to help and support recovering families.

The Clinton administration's failed health care reform was not the first attempt to establish government-sponsored medical coverage in the United States. From 1915 to 1920, Progressive reformers led a spirited but ultimately unsuccessful crusade for compulsory health insurance in New York State. Beatrix Hoffman argues that this first health insurance campaign was a crucial moment in the creation of the American welfare state and health care system. Its defeat, she says, gave rise to an uneven and inegalitarian system of medical coverage and helped shape the limits of American social policy for the rest of the century. Hoffman examines each of the major combatants in the battle over compulsory health insurance. While physicians, employers, the insurance industry, and conservative politicians forged a uniquely powerful coalition in opposition to health insurance proposals, she shows, reformers' potential allies within women's organizations and the labor movement were bitterly divided. Against the backdrop of World War I and the Red Scare, opponents of reform denounced government-sponsored health insurance as ""un-American"" and, in the process, helped fashion a political culture that resists proposals for universal health care and a comprehensive welfare state even today. |Shows how the issues that prevented passage of the 1915-1920 campaign for compulsory health insurance in New York helped to shape a national political culture that continues to resist proposals for universal health care as ""un-American.

Skillfully interweaving Bernice's own eloquent words about her harrowing abuse with descriptions of other women's similar experiences and a rich synthesis of statistical findings, Jody Raphael demonstrates convincingly that domestic violence and dependence on public assistance are intricately linked. In a work that is sure to stir controversy, she challenges traditional views and stereotypes (conservative and liberal) about welfare recipients, arguing that many poor women are neither lazy nor paralyzed by a "culture of poverty," but instead are trapped by their batterers.
Bernice's ordeals at the hands of her abusive partner -- brutal beatings, violent rapes, threats on her life, stalking, blocked access to birth control, and sabotage of efforts to find a job -- resonate throughout the work. The experiences she relates provide crucial insights into the welfare system and illuminate its failures, successes, and potential in helping women like her.
This disquieting yet inspiring book puts a human face on the heated public policy debate over welfare reform. Above all, it is Bernice's life story and, through her voice, the story of countless other battered women who are isolated in poverty and welfare by the power and control of their abusers.

This is the fourth in a Series of five manuals produced by the Social Security Department of the ILO to provide the reader with information on all the major elements of social security, including the principles, administration, financing, pension schemes and social health insurance. This manual takes a look at and makes comparisons between public and private pensions, methods of protection in public schemes, old age benefits, invalidity benefits, survivor's benefits. Of particular interest to certain countries will be a section dealing with transforming existing "provident fund schemes" into ones based on social insurance. Other manuals in this series: - Social security principles (Vol. I) - Administration of social security (Vol. II) - Social security financing (Vol. III) - Social health insurance (Vol. V)

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, more Americans belonged to fraternal societies than to any other kind of voluntary association, with the possible exception of churches. Despite the stereotypical image of the lodge as the exclusive domain of white men, fraternalism cut across race, class, and gender lines to include women, African Americans, and immigrants. Exploring the history and impact of fraternal societies in the United States, David Beito uncovers the vital importance they had in the social and fiscal lives of millions of American families. Much more than a means of addressing deep-seated cultural, psychological, and gender needs, fraternal societies gave Americans a way to provide themselves with social-welfare services that would otherwise have been inaccessible, Beito argues. In addition to creating vast social and mutual aid networks among the poor and in the working class, they made affordable life and health insurance available to their members and established hospitals, orphanages, and homes for the elderly. Fraternal societies continued their commitment to mutual aid even into the early years of the Great Depression, Beito says, but changing cultural attitudes and the expanding welfare state eventually propelled their decline. |David Beito's book establishes the enormous impact of fraternal societies on the social lives and fiscal circumstances of millions of Americans between 1890 and 1967. In addition to creating vast social and mutual aid networks for the poor and the working class, fraternal organizations offered insurance policies to members and established hospitals, orphanages, and homes for the elderly.

Welfare reform was supposed to end welfare as we know it. And it has. The welfare poor have been largely transformed into the working poor but their poverty persists. This hard-hitting book takes a close look at where we've gone wrong and where we might go next if we truly want to improve the lot of America's underclass.

Tracing the roots of recent reforms to the early days of the war on poverty, A Poverty of Imagination describes a social welfare system grown increasingly inept, corrupt, and susceptible to conservative redesign. Author David Stoesz details the new ideas, hatched in conservative think tanks of the eighties and elaborated through state experiments in welfare reform, that provided the outline for the 1996 Federal Welfare Act. Welfare-to-work and other behavioral objectives were the basis of these reforms; and an informed skepticism about such approaches is at the heart of Stoesz's book. Investigating the causes of the ongoing failure of welfare assistance, Stoesz focuses on the economic barriers that impede movement out of poverty into the American mainstream.

Stoesz suggests that a form of "bootstrap capitalism" would allow individuals and families to participate more fully in American society and achieve upward economic mobility and stability. This proposal, emphasizing wage supplements, asset building, and community capitalism, sets the stage for the next act in poverty policy in the United States. With its valuable insights on the American welfare system and its positive agenda for change, this book makes a significant intervention in our ongoing struggle to come to terms with widespread poverty in the wealthiest nation on earth.

Marriage is the foundation of the family and of society. Yet many of us find it difficult to keep our marriages alive and well. So many marriages today end in tears that young people often wonder whether they should marry at all. Mehri Sefidvash's Coral and Pearls looks at some of the reasons why relationships fail to thrive and offers practical suggestions for keeping our marriages vibrant, joyous and intact: * What we can do to keep our love for our partner alive * How we can develop mature love * How we can create a spiritual bond with our partner.