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Reclaiming the Hopewellian Ceremonial Sphere - 200 B.C. to A.D. 500 (Hardcover)
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Reclaiming the Hopewellian Ceremonial Sphere - 200 B.C. to A.D. 500 (Hardcover)
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Multiple Hopewellian monumental earthwork sites displaying timber
features, mortuary deposits, and unique artifacts are found widely
distributed across the North American Eastern Woodlands, from the
lower Mississippi Valley north to the Great Lakes. These sites,
dating from 200 b.c. to a.d. 500, almost define the Middle Woodland
period of the Eastern Woodlands. Joseph Caldwell treated these
sites as defining what he termed the ""Hopewell Interaction
Sphere,"" which he conceptualized as mediating a set of interacting
mortuary-funerary cults linking many different local ethnic
communities. In this new book, A. Martin Byers refines Caldwell's
work, coining the term ""Hopewell Ceremonial Sphere"" to more
precisely characterize this transregional sphere as manifesting
multiple autonomous cult sodalities of local communities affiliated
into escalating levels of autonomous cult sodality heterarchies. It
is these cult sodality heterarchies, regionally and transregionally
interacting - and not their autonomous communities to which the
sodalities also belonged - that were responsible for the
Hopewellian assemblage; and the heterarchies took themselves to be
performing, not funerary, but world-renewal ritual ceremonialism
mediated by the deceased of their many autonomous Middle Woodland
communities. Paired with the cult sodality heterarchy model, Byers
proposes and develops the complementary heterarchical community
model. This model postulates a type of community that made the
formation of the cult sodality heterarchy possible. But Byers
insists it was the sodality heterarchies and not the complementary
heterarchical communities that generated the Hopewellian ceremonial
sphere. Detailed interpretations and explanations of Hopewellian
sites and their contents in Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and Georgia
empirically anchor his claims. A singular work of unprecedented
scope, Reclaiming the Hopewellian Ceremonial Sphere will encourage
archaeologists to re-examine their interpretations.
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