A Rwandan proverb says "Defeat is the only bad news." For
Rwandans living under colonial rule, winning called not only for
armed confrontation, but also for a battle of wits--and not only
with foreigners, but also with each other. In "Defeat Is the Only
Bad News" Alison Des Forges recounts the ambitions, strategies, and
intrigues of an African royal court under Yuhi Musinga, the Rwandan
ruler from 1896 to 1931. These were turbulent years for Rwanda,
when first Germany and then Belgium pursued an aggressive plan of
colonization there. At the time of the Europeans' arrival, Rwanda
was also engaged in a succession dispute after the death of one of
its most famous kings. Against this backdrop, the Rwandan court
became the stage for a drama of Shakespearean proportions, filled
with deceit, shrewd calculation, ruthless betrayal, and sometimes
murder. Historians who study European expansion typically focus on
interactions between colonizers and colonized; they rarely attend
to relations among the different factions inhabiting occupied
lands. Des Forges, drawing on oral histories and extensive archival
research, reveals how divisions among different groups in Rwanda
shaped their responses to colonial governments, missionaries, and
traders. Rwandans, she shows, used European resources to extend
their power, even as they sought to preserve the autonomy of the
royal court. Europeans, for their part, seized on internal
divisions to advance their own goals. Des Forges's vividly narrated
history, meticulously edited and introduced by David Newbury,
provides a deep context for understanding the Rwandan civil war a
century later.
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