In the past, facilities considered to be at the end of their
useful life were demolished and replaced with new ones that better
met the functional requirements of modern society, including new
safety standards. Humankind has recently recognised the threats to
the environment and to our limited natural resources due to our
relentless determination to destroy the old and build anew. With
the awareness of these constraints and the emphasis on
sustainability, in future the majority of old structures will be
retrofitted to extend their service life as long as feasible. In
keeping with this new approach, the EU s Construction Products
Regulation 305/2011, which is the basis of the Eurocodes, included
the sustainable use of resources as an "Essential Requirement" for
construction. So, the forthcoming second generation of EN-Eurocodes
will cover not only the design of new structures, but the
rehabilitation of existing ones as well.
Most of the existing building stock and civil infrastructures are
seismically deficient. When the time comes for a decision to
prolong their service life with the help of structural and
architectural upgrading, seismic retrofitting may be needed.
Further, it is often decided to enhance the earthquake resistance
of facilities that still meet their functional requirements and
fulfil their purpose, if they are not earthquake-safe. In order to
decide how badly a structure needs seismic upgrading or to
prioritise it in a population of structures, a seismic evaluation
is needed, which also serves as a guide for the extent and type of
strengthening. Seismic codes do not sufficiently cover the delicate
phase of seismic evaluation nor the many potential technical
options for seismic upgrading; therefore research is on-going and
the state-of-the-art is constantly evolving. All the more so as
seismic evaluation and rehabilitation demand considerable
expertise, to make best use of the available safety margins in the
existing structure, to adapt the engineering capabilities and
techniques at hand to the particularities of a project, to minimise
disruption of use, etc. Further, as old structures are very diverse
in terms of their materials and layout, seismic retrofitting does
not lend itself to straightforward codified procedures or cook-book
approaches. As such, seismic evaluation and rehabilitation need the
best that the current state-of-the-art can offer on all aspects of
earthquake engineering. This volume serves this need, as it gathers
the most recent research of top seismic experts from around the
world on seismic evaluation, retrofitting and closely related
subjects."
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