Simplified fracture mechanics based assessment methods are
widely used by the industry to determine the structural integrity
significance of postulated cracks, manufacturing flaws,
service-induced cracking or suspected degradation of engineering
components under normal and abnormal service loads. In many cases,
welded joints are the regions most likely to contain original
fabrication defects or cracks initiating and growing during service
operation. Various procedures provide upper bound residual stress
profiles for various classes of welded joints that can be used in
fracture assessments, but these often give very conservative
results. Recently, the option to use more realistic profiles has
been adopted, but only where such profiles are based on finite
element residual stress simulations supported by detailed residual
stress measurements. Rapid advances in the capability of residual
stress measurement techniques, such as the contour and deep hole
drilling techniques as well as the neutron and synchrotron X-ray
diffraction methods, now readily allow residual stresses and
strains to be mapped on defined planes within a structure. The
contents of this book have been grouped into three topic areas
covering theoretical /numerical and experimental analyses of
residual stress and its effects on fatigue and fracture.
General
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