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Spinoza on Reason, Passions, and the Supreme Good (Hardcover)
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Spinoza on Reason, Passions, and the Supreme Good (Hardcover)
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Spinoza's thought is at the centre of an ever growing interest.
Spinoza's moral philosophy, in particular, points to a radical way
of understanding how human beings can become free and enjoy supreme
happiness. And yet, there is still much disagreement about how
exactly Spinoza's recipe is supposed to work. For long time,
Spinoza has been presented as an arch rationalist who would
identify in the purely intellectual cultivation of reason the key
for ethical progress. Andrea Sangiacomo offers a new understanding
of Spinoza's project, by showing how he himself struggled during
his career to develop a moral philosophy that could speak to human
beings as they actually are (imperfect, passionate, often not very
rational). Spinoza's views significantly evolved over time. In his
early writings, Spinoza's account of ethical progress towards the
Supreme Good relies mostly on the idea that the mind can build on
its innate knowledge to resist the power of the passions. Although
appropriate social conditions may support the individual's pursuit
of the Supreme Good, achieving it does not depend essentially on
social factors. In Spinoza's later writings, however, the emphasis
shifts towards the mind's need to rely on appropriate forms of
social cooperation. Reason becomes the mental expression of the way
the human body interacts with external causes on the basis of some
degree of agreement in nature with them. The greater the agreement,
the greater the power of reason to adequately understand universal
features as well as more specific traits of the external causes. In
the case of human beings, certain kinds of social cooperation are
crucial for the development of reason. This view has crucial
ramifications for Spinoza's account of how individuals can progress
towards the Supreme Good and how a political science based on
Spinoza's principles can contribute to this goal.
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