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A New Understanding of Mental Disorders - Computational Models for Dimensional Psychiatry (Hardcover)
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A New Understanding of Mental Disorders - Computational Models for Dimensional Psychiatry (Hardcover)
Series: The MIT Press
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A new computational and dimensional approach to understanding and
classifying mental disorders: modeling key learning and
decision-making mechanisms across different mental disorders. Even
as researchers look for neurobiological correlates of mental
disorders, many of these disorders are still classified solely
according to the manifestation of clinical symptoms.
Neurobiological findings rarely help diagnose a specific disease or
predict its outcome. Although current diagnostic categories are
questionable (sometimes labeling common states of human suffering
as disorders), traditional neuroimaging approaches are not
sophisticated enough to capture the neurobiological markers of
mental disorder. In this book, Andreas Heinz proposes a
computational and dimensional approach to understanding and
classifying mental disorders: modeling key learning and
decision-making mechanisms across different mental disorders. Such
an approach focuses on the malleability and diversity of human
behavior and its biological underpinnings. Heinz explains basic
learning mechanisms and their effects on human behavior, focusing
not on single disorders but on how such mechanisms work in a
multitude of mental states. For example, he traces alterations in
dopamine-reinforcement learning in psychotic, affective, and
addictive disorders. He investigates to what extent these basic
dimensions of mental disorders can account for such syndromes as
craving and loss of control in addiction, positive and negative
mood states in affective disorders, and the altered experience of
self and world associated with psychotic states. Finally, Heinz
explores the clinical and therapeutic implications of such
accounts. He argues that a focus on learning mechanisms, with its
emphasis on human creativity and resilience, should help reduce the
stigma of mental disorder.
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