How could a community of 2000-3000 Viking peasants survive in
Arctic Greenland for 430 years (ca. 985-1415), and why did they
finally disappear? European agriculture in an Arctic environment
encountered serious ecological challenges. The Norse peasants faced
these challenges by adapting agricultural practices they had
learned from the Atlantic and North Sea coast of Norway. Norse
Greenland was the stepping stone for the Europeans who first
discovered America and settled briefly in Newfoundland ca. AD 1000.
The community had a global significance which surpassed its modest
size. In the last decades scholars have been nearly unanimous in
emphasising that long-term climatic and environmental changes
created a situation where Norse agriculture was no longer
sustainable and the community was ruined. A secondary hypothesis
has focused on ethnic confrontations between Norse peasants and
Inuit hunters. In the last decades ethnic violence has been on the
rise in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and parts of Africa. In
some cases it has degenerated into ethnic cleansing. This has
strengthened the interest in ethnic violence in past societies.
Challenging traditional hypotheses is a source of progress in all
science. The present book does this on the basis of relevant
written and archaeological material respecting the methodology of
both sciences.
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