Over the course of several decades, the Pentagon's Information
Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) helped transform computing from
a cumbersome enterprise based on batch processing to the instantly
interactive, graphically rich, highly intelligent computing of
today. With the purpose of improving command and control systems
for the military, IPTO researchers strengthened time-sharing, laid
the groundwork for graphics and parallel processing, contributed to
the study of artificial intelligence, and developed the wide-area
network that came to be known as the Internet. "Transforming
Computer Technology" examines these and other developments at the
Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency in its
heyday between 1962 and 1986. The authors show how Pentagon
programs affected significant developments in both computer science
and engineering. They analyze the management of the office, the
origins and growth of important IPTO programs, and the interaction
of the staff with the R & D community. They pay special
attention to IPTO's role in executing research at the leading edge
of computing and networking and in working with the military to
transfer that research into practical use. And they show how, by
the 1990s, the research results had been assimilated into systems
both for the military and for civilian society.
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