Averroes (Ibn Rushd, 1126-1198) emerged from an eminent family in
Muslim Spain to become the first and last great Aristotelian of the
classical Islamic world; his meticulous commentaries influenced
Christian thinkers and earned him favorable mention (and a
relatively pleasant fate) in Dante's "Divina Commedia. "The Book of
the Decisive Treatise was and remains one his most important works
and one of history's best defenses of the legitimate role of reason
in a community of faith. The text presents itself as a plea before
a tribunal in which the divinely revealed Law of Islam is the sole
authority; Averroes, critical of the anti-philosophical tone of the
Islamic establishment, argues that the Law not only permits but
also mandates the study of philosophy and syllogistic or logical
reasoning, defending earlier Muslim philosophers and dismissing
criticisms of them as more harmful to the Islamic community than
the philosophers' own views had been. As he details the three
fundamental methods the Law uses to aid people of varied capacities
and temperaments, Averroes reveals a carefully formed and
remarkably argued conception of the boundaries and uses of faith
and reason.
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