What Are Terpenes? Terpenes (pronounced tur-peens), or terpenoids,
are aromatic metabolites found in the oils of all plants. Terpenes
are chemical oils produced by plants that create the unique flavor,
scent and effect of herbs, fruit and flowers. When smelling a
flower or herb, your nose actually registers the unique terpene
profile of the plant. More than 30,000 unique terpenes have been
identified in plants, animals, microbes, and fungi, which create
aromas and flavors. Terpenes help carry out biological functions,
can serve as vitamins, pheromones, and hormones as well as
influence the immune system. When combined, terpenes produce
complex profiles. For example, the herb lavender smells pleasant,
tastes slightly sweet and floral, and has a relaxing effect.
Terpenes are secreted along with cannabinoids in the flower's
sticky resin glands. They are responsible for cannabis' smell,
flavor and contribute to its overall sensory effect. Terpenes give
the Blueberry cannabis strain its berry smell, Sour Diesel its
skunky smell, and Lavender its floral aroma. Over 100 different
terpenes have been identified in the cannabis plant, and every
strain tends toward a unique terpene type and composition. Terpenes
play a key role in differentiating the effects of various cannabis
strains. Terpenoid production evolved over time in plants,
including cannabis, to attract pollinators and to act as defense
compounds. Female cannabis plants produce glandular trichomes,
which are glands that look like small hairs or growths that
protrude from the flowers and leaves. Trichomes house crucial
compounds, including cannabinoids (such as THC and CBD),
flavonoids, and terpenes. Terpenes and cannabinoids interact
synergistically to promote relaxation and stress-relief, while
others promote focus and acuity. The effect profile of a given
terpene can change when combined with other terpenes and
cannabinoids in a phenomenon known as the entourage effect.
Research suggests that terpenes offer medicinal value as they
mediate our body's interaction with therapeutic cannabinoids.
Technology has developed a method of distilling terpenes into
highly concentrated forms that can be used individually or in
conjunction with other terpenes. Terpene isolates are commonly used
in cosmetic products, incense, food flavorings, perfumes, natural
medicines and a wide variety of everyday products. Pure, isolated
terpenes are highly concentrated and may pose health risks if
consumed or applied to the skin with out proper dilution. Working
with terpenes is shaman-like, calling on an understanding the
terpene to safely unlocking their amazing potential. For instance,
certain varietals are more potent than others, meaning that one
dilution method cannot be applied to every type of terpene.
Achieving balance can be tricky but well worth the personal
learning needed. -- Beverly Potter
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