Why and when human societies shifted from nomadic hunting and
gathering to settled agriculture engages the interest of scholars
around the world. One of the most fruitful areas in which to study
this issue is the North American Southwest, where Late Archaic
inhabitants of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts of Mexico,
Arizona, and New Mexico turned to farming while their counterparts
in Trans-Pecos and South Texas continued to forage. By
investigating the environmental, biological, and cultural factors
that led to these differing patterns of development, we can
identify some of the necessary conditions for the rise of
agriculture and the corresponding evolution of village life. The
twelve papers in this volume synthesize previous and ongoing
research and offer new theoretical models to provide the most
up-to-date picture of life during the Late Archaic (from 3,000 to
1,500 years ago) across the entire North American Borderlands. Some
of the papers focus on specific research topics such as stone tool
technology and mobility patterns. Others study the development of
agriculture across whole regions within the Borderlands. The two
concluding papers trace pan-regional patterns in the adoption of
farming and also link them to the growth of agriculture in other
parts of the world.
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