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Nuclear Risk in Central Asia (Hardcover, 2008 ed.)
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Nuclear Risk in Central Asia (Hardcover, 2008 ed.)
Series: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security
Expected to ship within 12 - 17 working days
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There is a significant number of nuclear and radiological sources
in Central Asia, which have contributed, are still contributing, or
have the potential to contribute to radioactive contamination in
the future. Key sources and contaminated sites of concern are: The
nuclear weapons tests performed at the Semipalatinsk Test Site
(STS) in Kazakhstan during 1949-1989. A total of 456 nuclear
weapons tests have been perf- med in the atmosphere (86), above and
at ground surface (30) and underground (340) accompanied by
radioactive plumes reaching far out of the test site. Safety trials
at STS, where radioactive sources were spread by conventional
explosives. Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) within STS and
outside STS in Kazakhstan, producing crater lakes (e.g., Tel'kem I
and Tel'kem II), waste storage facilities (e.g., LIRA) etc.
Technologically enhanced levels of naturally occurring
radionuclides (TENORM) due to U mining and tailing. As a legacy of
the cold war and the nuclear weapon p- gramme in the former USSR,
thousands of square kilometers in the Central Asia co- tries are
contaminated. Large amounts of scale from the oil and gas
industries contain sufficient amounts of TENORM. Nuclear reactors,
to be decommissioned or still in operation. Storage of spent
nuclear fuel and other radioactive wastes. In the characterization
of nuclear risks, the risks are estimated by integrating the
results of the hazard identification, the effects assessment and
the exposure assessment.
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