Adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) is an alternative to the
better-known gate model of quantum computation. The two models are
polynomially equivalent, but otherwise quite dissimilar: one
property that distinguishes AQC from the gate model is its analog
nature. Quantum annealing (QA) describes a type of heuristic search
algorithm that can be implemented to run in the ``native
instruction set'' of an AQC platform. D-Wave Systems Inc.
manufactures {quantum annealing processor chips} that exploit
quantum properties to realize QA computations in hardware. The
chips form the centerpiece of a novel computing platform designed
to solve NP-hard optimization problems. Starting with a 16-qubit
prototype announced in 2007, the company has launched and sold
increasingly larger models: the 128-qubit D-Wave One system was
announced in 2010 and the 512-qubit D-Wave Two system arrived on
the scene in 2013. A 1,000-qubit model is expected to be available
in 2014. This monograph presents an introductory overview of this
unusual and rapidly developing approach to computation. We start
with a survey of basic principles of quantum computation and what
is known about the AQC model and the QA algorithm paradigm. Next we
review the D-Wave technology stack and discuss some challenges to
building and using quantum computing systems at a commercial scale.
The last chapter reviews some experimental efforts to understand
the properties and capabilities of these unusual platforms. The
discussion throughout is aimed at an audience of computer
scientists with little background in quantum computation or in
physics.
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