In western countries, including the United States, foreign-trained
nurses constitute a crucial labor supply. Far and away the largest
number of these nurses come from the Philippines. Why is it that a
developing nation with a comparatively greater need for trained
medical professionals sends so many of its nurses to work in
wealthier countries? Catherine Ceniza Choy engages this question
through an examination of the unique relationship between the
professionalization of nursing and the twentieth-century migration
of Filipinos to the United States. The first book-length study of
the history of Filipino nurses in the United States, "Empire of
Care" brings to the fore the complicated connections among nursing,
American colonialism, and the racialization of Filipinos."
"Choy conducted extensive interviews with Filipino nurses in New
York City and spoke with leading Filipino nurses across the United
States. She combines their perspectives with various
others--including those of Philippine and American government and
health officials--to demonstrate how the desire of Filipino nurses
to migrate abroad cannot be reduced to economic logic, but must
instead be understood as a fundamentally transnational process. She
argues that the origins of Filipino nurse migrations do not lie in
the Philippines' independence in 1946 or the relaxation of U.S.
immigration rules in 1965, but rather in the creation of an
Americanized hospital training system during the period of
early-twentieth-century colonial rule. Choy challenges celebratory
narratives regarding professional migrants' mobility by analyzing
the scapegoating of Filipino nurses during difficult political
times, the absence of professional solidarity between Filipino and
American nurses, and the exploitation of foreign-trained nurses
through temporary work visas. She shows how the culture of American
imperialism persists today, continuing to shape the reception of
Filipino nurses in the United States.
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