Using the quantum properties of single photons to exchange
binary keys between two partners for subsequent encryption of
secret data is an absolutely novel technology. Only a few years ago
quantum cryptography or better: quantum key distribution (QKD) was
the domain of basic research laboratories at universities. But
during the last few years things changed. QKD left the laboratories
and was picked up by more practical oriented teams that worked hard
to develop a practically applicable technology out of the
astonishing results of basic research.
One major milestone towards a QKD technology was a large
research and development project funded by the European Commission
that aimed at combining quantum physics with complementary
technologies that are necessary to create a technical solution:
electronics, software, and network components were added within the
project SECOQC (Development of a Global Network for Secure
Communication based on Quantum Cryptography) that teamed up all
expertise on European level to get a technology for future
encryption.
The practical application of QKD in a standard optical fibre
network was demonstrated October 2008 in Vienna, giving a glimpse
of the future of secure communication. Although many steps have
still to be done in order to achieve a real mature technology, the
corner stone for future secure communication is already laid.
QKD will not be the Holy Grail of security, it will not be able
to solve all problems for evermore. But QKD has the potential to
replace one of the weakest parts of symmetric encryption: the
exchange of the key. It can be proven that the key exchange process
cannot be corrupted and that keys that are generated and exchanged
quantum cryptographically will be secure for ever (as long as some
additional conditions are kept).
This book will show the state of the art of Quantum Cryptography
and it will sketch how it can be implemented in standard
communication infrastructure. The growing vulnerability of
sensitive data requires new concepts and QKD will be a possible
solution to overcome some of today s limitations."
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