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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Western philosophy > Ancient Western philosophy to c 500
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Self-Cultivation Philosophies in Ancient India, Greece, and China (Hardcover)
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Self-Cultivation Philosophies in Ancient India, Greece, and China (Hardcover)
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Philosophies in several ancient traditions aimed to alleviate
people's anxieties and improve their lives. In contrast to the
contemporay world, in which philosophy is mostly an academic
subject and personal concerns are commonly addressed by
psychological therapies, philosophy in these traditions often
played a central role in programs that aspired to enable people to
achieve a good life. In this volume, Christopher W. Gowans argues
that the idea of self-cultivation philosophy provides a valuable
approach for comprehending and reflecting on several philosophies
in ancient India, Greece and China. Self-cultivation philosophies
put forward a program of development for ameliorating the lives of
human beings. On the basis of an account of human nature and the
place of human beings in the world, they claim that our lives can
be substantially transformed from what is thought to be a
problematic condition into what purports to be an ideal state of
being. Self-cultivation philosophies are preeminently practical in
their aspirations: their purpose is to change human life in
fundamental ways. Yet, in pursuing these practical ends, these
philosophies typically make significant theoretical as well as
empirical claims about human nature and the world. The book shows
how the concept of self-cultivation philosophy provides an
interpretive framework for understanding, comparing, assessing and
learning from several philosophical outlooks in India, the
Greco-Roman world, and China. The self-cultivation philosophies in
India are those expressed in: the Bhagavad Gita; the Samkhya and
Yoga philosophies of Isvarakrsna and Patanjali; and the teaching of
the Buddha and his followers Buddhaghosa and Santideva. The
philosophies originating in Greece, with subsequent development in
the Roman world, are the most prominent Hellenistic approaches: the
Epicureanism of Epicurus, Lucretius, and Philodemus; the Stoicism
of Chrysippus, Epictetus, and Seneca; and Pyrrho and the Pyrrhonism
of Sextus Empiricus. The self-cultivation philosophies from China
are the early Confucian outlooks of Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi;
the classical Daoist perspectives of the Daodejing and the
Zhuangzi; and the Chan tradition of Bodhidharma, Huineng and Linji.
Though these philosophies developed in very different traditions,
Gowans shows the connections between them in this compelling work
of comparative philosophy.
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