Cicero (Marcus Tullius, 10643 BCE), Roman advocate, orator,
politician, poet, and philosopher, about whom we know more than we
do of any other Roman, lived through the stirring era that saw the
rise, dictatorship, and death of Julius Caesar in a tottering
republic. In Cicero's political speeches and in his correspondence
we see the excitement, tension and intrigue of politics and the
part he played in the turmoil of the time. Of about 106 speeches,
58 survive (a few incompletely), 29 of which are addressed to the
Roman people or Senate, the rest to jurors. In the fourteenth
century Petrarch and other Italian humanists discovered manuscripts
containing more than 900 letters, of which more than 800 were
written by Cicero, and nearly 100 by others to him. This
correspondence affords a revelation of the man, all the more
striking because most of the letters were not intended for
publication. Six works on rhetorical subjects survive intact and
another in fragments. Seven major philosophical works are extant in
part or in whole, and there are a number of shorter compositions
either preserved or known by title or fragments. Of his poetry,
some is original, some translated from the Greek.
The Loeb Classical Library edition of Cicero is in twenty-nine
volumes.
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