In the waning days and immediate aftermath of World War II, Nazi
diplomats and spies based in Spain decided to stay rather than
return to a defeated Germany. The decidedly pro-German dictatorship
of General Francisco Franco gave them refuge and welcomed other
officials and agents from the Third Reich who had escaped and made
their way to Iberia. Amid fears of a revival of the Third Reich,
Allied intelligence and diplomatic officers developed a
repatriation program across Europe to return these individuals to
Germany, where occupation authorities could further investigate
them. Yet due to Spain's longstanding ideological alliance with
Hitler, German infiltration of the Spanish economy and society was
extensive, and the Allies could count on minimal Spanish
cooperation in this effort.
In Hunting Nazis in Franco's Spain, David Messenger deftly
traces the development and execution of the Allied repatriation
scheme, providing an analysis of Allied, Spanish, and German
expatriate responses. Messenger shows that by April 1946, British
and American embassy staff in Madrid had compiled a census of the
roughly 10,000 Germans then residing in Spain and had drawn up
three lists of 1,677 men and women targeted for repatriation to
occupied Germany. While the Spanish government did round up and
turn over some Germans to the Allies, many of them were
intentionally overlooked in the process. By mid-1947, Franco's
regime had forced only 265 people to leave Spain; most Germans
managed to evade repatriation by moving from Spain to Argentina or
by solidifying their ties to the Franco regime and Span-ish life.
By 1948, the program was effectively over.
Drawing on records in American, British, and Spanish archives,
this first book-length study in English of the repatriation program
tells the story of this dramatic chapter in the history of
post--World War II Europe.
General
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