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Endothelin Receptors and Signaling Mechanisms (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1998)
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Endothelin Receptors and Signaling Mechanisms (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1998)
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to the Endothelin System David M. Pollock ascular endothelial cells
form a monolayer lining in all of the blood vessels of V the
circulation. Initially, they were thought to function as a crude
filter allow- ing nutrients from the blood stream to diffuse
through to the underlying tissues without letting proteins or blood
cells escape. We now know that endothelial cells are important
regulators of circulatory function, due in large measure to their
rec- ognized ability to synthesize and release many factors that
regulate vascular smooth muscle tone. Endothelial-derived factors,
including relaxing and contracting sub- stances such as
prostacyclin, nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin (ET), have been
identified as important contributors in the regulation of vascular
tone. Endothe- lial cells have a highly active metabolic function
and are involved in clearing a number of agents from circulating
blood. In addition, they have the enzyme that inactivates
bradykinin and converts angiotensin I into the very potent pressor
agent, angiotensin II (Ang II). Endothelial cells also generate
various proteins like von Willebrand's factor, tissue plasminogen
activator, growth promoting factors and lipids such as platelet
activating factor. It is now clear that in addition to the regu-
lation of vascular tone and hemodynamics, endothelial cells playa
critical role in regulating growth and proliferative processes,
inflammation and hemostasis.
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