"The term 'feudal society' is a caricature. It was invented by
nineteenth-century historians to capture a particular period in
French history, that of the retreat of monarchy (and thus of state
authority) and the supposed tyranny of fiefdoms. It had its uses.
As caricatures go, it was no worse than many others. But it was
both reductionist and unbalanced. Among other things, it reduced
society to bonds of dependency that were ritualized and
personalized, and it imagined a scenario of quasi-independent
castles, each with its own knights, existing in a state of
continuous warfare with one another. It largely ignored other links
and networks, and it overlooked the fact that warfare between
neighbors was intermittent and limited. Meanwhile, in the real
world, apart from such conflict-though sometimes through it-social
construction was going on." Dominique Barthelemy
In a collection of combative essays, updated for this new
translation, Dominique Barthelemy presents a sharply revisionist
account of the history of France around the year 1000. He
challenges the view, developed in the enormously influential
writings of Georges Duby and others, that France underwent a kind
of revolution at the millennium that transformed it into the
classic feudal, or seigneurial, society we know from a host of
college textbooks.
Barthelemy advances his own original views, positing a much more
complex and incremental evolution, and maintaining that the
post-Carolingian world was more dynamic and creative than Duby and
his successors have held. Barthelemy's view requires historians to
radically rethink their notions of the history of serfs and nobles,
of the so-called Peace of God movements, of the influence (indeed,
even the existence) of millenarian fears, and of the nature of the
legal system in early medieval Europe. Moreover, it challenges the
utility of the term "feudalism" itself, and of our notion that
Europe of the High Middle Ages was a "feudal society."
Originally published in French under the title La mutation de
l'an mil a-t-elle eu lieu?, this book has generated loud debate on
both sides of the Atlantic. In addition to having been revised
throughout, the Cornell edition contains a new preface, concluding
chapter, and bibliography."
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