In George Washington and the American Military Tradition, Don
Higginbotham investigates the interplay of militiaman and
professional soldier, of soldier and legislator, that shaped George
Washington's military career and ultimately fostered the victory
that brought independence to our nation. Higginbotham then explores
the legacy of Washington's success, revealing that the crucial
blending of civil and military concerns characteristic of the
Revolution has been variously regarded and only seldom repeated by
later generations of American soldiers. Washington's training,
between 1753 and 1755, included frontier command in the Virginia
militia, adjunct service to the British regulars during the French
and Indian War, and increasing civil service in the Virginia House
of Burgesses and Continental Congress. The result of this
combination of pursuits was Washington's concern for the citizen
behind the soldier, his appreciation of both frontier tactics and
professional discipline, and his sensitivity to political conflict
and consensus in thirteen colonies in forming a new, united nation.
When, in 1775, Washington accepted command of the Continental Army
from the Continental Congress, he possessed political and military
experience that enabled him, by 1783, to translate the Declaration
of Independence into victory over the British. Yet, Higginbotham
notes, the legacy of Washington's success has sometimes been
overlooked by generals concerned with professional training and a
permanent military establishment, and therefore apt to revere
foreign heros such as Jomini, Napoleon, and Bismarck more than
Washington. Other leaders, most notably the World War II chief of
staff, George Marshall, have recognized and implemented
Washington's unique understanding of civil and military
coordination. In times almost wholly dominated by a military
agenda, Washington's and Marshall's steady subordination of soldier
to citizen, of strategy to legislation, recalls the careful
consensus of thirteen colonies in 1776.
General
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