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Positive Feedback in Natural Systems (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986)
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Positive Feedback in Natural Systems (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986)
Series: Biomathematics, 15
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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Cybernetics, a science concerned with understanding how systems are
regulated, has reflected the preoccupations of the century in which
it was born. Regulation is important in twentieth century society,
where both machines and social organizations are complex.
Cybernetics focused on and became primarily associated with the
homeostasis or stability of system behavior and with the negative
feedbacks that stabilize systems. It paid less attention to the
processes opposite to negative feedback, the positive feedback
processes that act to change systems. We attempt to redress the
balance here by illustrating the enormous importance of positive
feedbacks in natural systems. In an article in the American
Scientist in 1963, Maruyama called for increased attention to this
topic, noting that processes of change could occur when a
"deviation in anyone component of the system caused deviations in
other components that acted back on the first component to
reinforce of amplify the initial deviation." The deviation
amplification is the result of positive feedback among system
components. Maruyama demonstrated by numerous examples that the
neglect of such processes was unjustified and suggested that a new
branch of cybernetics, "the second cybernetics," be devoted to
their study.
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