In Aryans, Jews, Brahmins, Dorothy M. Figueira provides a
fascinating account of the construction of the Aryan myth and its
uses in both India and Europe from the Enlightenment to the
twentieth century. The myth concerns a race that inhabits a utopian
past and gives rise first to Brahmin Indian culture and then to
European culture. In India, notions of the Aryan were used to
develop a national identity under colonialism, one that allowed
Indian elites to identify with their British rulers. It also
allowed non-elites to set up a counter identity critical of their
position in the caste system. In Europe, the Aryan myth provided
certain thinkers with an origin story that could compete with the
Biblical one and could be used to diminish the importance of the
West's Jewish heritage. European racial hygienists made much of the
myth of a pure Aryan race, and the Nazis later looked at India as a
cautionary tale of what could happen if a nation did not remain
"pure."
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