Arguments from Ignorance explores the situations in which the
argument from ignorance (also known as the lack-of-knowledge
inference, negative evidence, or default reasoning) functions as a
respectable form of reasoning and those in which it is indeed
fallacious. Douglas Walton draws on everyday conversations on all
kinds of practical matters in which the argumentum ad ignorantiam
is used quite appropriately to infer conclusions. He also discusses
the inappropriate use of this kind of argument, referring to
various major case studies, including the Salem witchcraft trials,
the McCarthy hearings, and the Alger Hiss case.
This book makes an original contribution in the areas of
argumentation theory and informal logic, contending that, despite
its traditional classification as a fallacy, the argument from
ignorance is a genuine, very common, and legitimate type of
argumentation with an identifiable structure. But the book is also
interdisciplinary in scope, explaining many widely interesting and
controversial subjects in artificial intelligence, medical
education, philosophy of science, and philosophy of law in a clear
way that makes it accessible to a broad range of readers.
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