Books > Professional & Technical > Mechanical engineering & materials > Materials science > Mechanics of solids > Stress & fracture
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Problems of Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue - A Solution Guide (Hardcover, 2003 ed.)
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Problems of Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue - A Solution Guide (Hardcover, 2003 ed.)
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On Fracture Mechanics A major objective of engineering design is
the determination of the geometry and dimensions of machine or
structural elements and the selection of material in such a way
that the elements perform their operating function in an efficient,
safe and economic manner. For this reason the results of stress
analysis are coupled with an appropriate failure criterion.
Traditional failure criteria based on maximum stress, strain or
energy density cannot adequately explain many structural failures
that occurred at stress levels considerably lower than the ultimate
strength of the material. On the other hand, experiments performed
by Griffith in 1921 on glass fibers led to the conclusion that the
strength of real materials is much smaller, typically by two orders
of magnitude, than the theoretical strength. The discipline of
fracture mechanics has been created in an effort to explain these
phenomena. It is based on the realistic assumption that all
materials contain crack-like defects from which failure initiates.
Defects can exist in a material due to its composition, as
second-phase particles, debonds in composites, etc. , they can be
introduced into a structure during fabrication, as welds, or can be
created during the service life of a component like fatigue,
environment-assisted or creep cracks. Fracture mechanics studies
the loading-bearing capacity of structures in the presence of
initial defects. A dominant crack is usually assumed to exist.
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