* It has been rumored that a bumble bee has such aerodynamic
deficiencies that it should be incapable of flight.
Fiberglass-reinforced polymer com posites, similarly, have two
(apparently) insurmountable obstacles to per formance: 1) Water can
hydrolyze any conceivable bond between organic and inorganic phase,
and 2) Stresses across the interface during temperature cycling
(resulting from a mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients) may
exceed the strength of one of the phases. Organofunctional silanes
are hybrid organic-inorganic compounds that are used as coupling
agents across the organic-inorganic interface to help overcome
these two obstacles to composite performance. One of their
functions is to use the hydrolytic action of water under
equilibrium condi tions to relieve thermally induced stresses
across the interface. If equilib rium conditions can be maintained,
the two problems act to cancel each other out. Coupling agents are
defined primarily as materials that improve the practical adhesive
bond of polymer to mineral. This may involve an increase in true
adhesion, but it may also involve improved wetting, rheology, and
other handling properties. The coupling agent may also modify the
inter phase region to strengthen the organic and inorganic boundary
layers."
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