Qualitative researchers have traditionally been cautious about
claiming that their work was scientific. The "right-on" schools
have exaggerated this caution into an outright rejection of science
as a model for their work. Science is, for them, outmoded; "an
archaic form of consciousness surviving for a while yet in a
degraded form" ("Tyler 1986:200"). Scientists' assertions that they
are in pursuit of truth simply camouflage their own lust for power.
There is no essential difference between truth and propaganda. The
authors acknowledge that the boundary between science and
propaganda has often been breached and some distrust of scientific
claims may be healthy. They also question the claim that science
creates disinterested and objective knowledge of an
observer-independent world without concluding that science is
impossible. The skeptics' reservations about qualitative research
are based on the deep-rooted assumption among natural scientists,
and some social scientists, that there is a world "out there,"
prior to, and independent of, their observations. This world can be
known objectively in the sense that all observers will, if
identically placed, see it in exactly the same way. If a suitable
language were available, they would also all produce identical
descriptions. From these observations they can work out the laws
governing the world's operations. The authors try to resolve these
contrary claims by asserting that science is a "procedural"
commitment. It consists of openness to refutation, a conscientious
and systematic search for contradictory evidence, and a readiness
to subject one's preconceptions to critical examination. The
devotion to truth as a regulative ideal is an essential difference
between science and propaganda. This work is a unique and
innovative defense of scientific method. "Elizabeth Murphy" is
reader in sociology and social policy at the University of
Nottingham, UK. "Robert Dingwall" is professor and director of the
Institute for the Study of Genetics, Biorisks, and Society at the
University of Nottingham, UK.
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