Human activity has more than doubled the rate of creation of
reactive nitrogen on the land surface of the earth over natural
levels, with much of this change occurring in recent decades. Major
drivers behind this increase are population growth, agricultural
intensification, and emissions of nitrogen pollutants to the
atmosphere from the combustion of fossil fuels. As a result,
nitrogen is accumulating in the landscape and in water at
unprecedented levels, and is connected to a host of environmental
problems including effects on natural ecosystems and on human
health. For example, eutrophication caused by excessive inputs of N
from landscapes to the oceans is one of the greatest factors
altering water quality in coastal ecosystems worldwide.
This synthesis is the final report from the International SCOPE
Project on Nitrogen Transport and Transformations: A Regional and
Global Analysis. SCOPE (the Scientific Committee on Problems of the
Environment) authorized the Nitrogen Project because of the need to
better understand how humans have altered nitrogen cycling globally
and at the scale of large regions. The project has synthesized
information through a series of workshops over the past 8 years,
involving over 250 scientists from over 20 different nations.
Papers in this volume explore the extent to which human activity
has affected the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial regions and in the
world's oceans, and discuss the implications of accelerated
nitrogen cycling for nature and society.
General
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