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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Developmental biology
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Spinal Evolution - Morphology, Function, and Pathology of the Spine in Hominoid Evolution (Paperback, 1st ed. 2019)
Loot Price: R3,506
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Spinal Evolution - Morphology, Function, and Pathology of the Spine in Hominoid Evolution (Paperback, 1st ed. 2019)
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The vertebral spine is a key element of the human anatomy. Its main
role is to protect the spinal cord and the main blood vessels. The
axial skeleton, with its muscles and joints, provides stability for
the attachment of the head, tail and limbs and, at the same time,
enables the mobility required for breathing and for locomotion.
Despite its great importance, the vertebral spine is often over
looked by researchers because: a) vertebrae are fragile in nature,
which makes their fossilization a rare event; b) they are metameric
(seriated and repeated elements) that make their anatomical
determination and, thus, their subsequent study difficult; and c)
the plethora of bones and joints involved in every movement or
function of the axial skeleton makes the reconstruction of posture,
breathing mechanics and locomotion extremely difficult. It is well
established that the spine has changed dramatically during human
evolution. Spinal curvatures, spinal load transmission, and
thoracic shape of bipedal humans are derived among hominoids. Yet,
there are many debates as to how and when these changes occurred
and to their phylogenetic, functional, and pathological
implications. In recent years, renewed interest arose in the axial
skeleton. New and exciting finds, mostly from Europe and Africa, as
well as new methods for reconstructing the spine, have been
introduced to the research community. New methodologies such as
Finite Element Analysis, trabecular bone analysis, Geometric
Morphometric analysis, and gait analysis have been applied to the
spines of primates and humans. These provide a new and refreshing
look into the evolution of the spine. Advanced biomechanical
research regarding posture, range of motion, stability, and
attenuation of the human spine has interesting evolutionary
implications. Until now, no book that summarizes the updated
research and knowledge regarding spinal evolution in hominoids has
been available. The present book explores both these new
methodologies and new data, including recent fossil, morphological,
biomechanical, and theoretical advances regarding vertebral column
evolution. In order to cover all of that data, we divide the book
into four parts: 1) the spine of hominoids; 2) the vertebral spine
of extinct hominins; 3) ontogeny, biomechanics and pathology of the
human spine; and 4) new methodologies of spinal research. These
parts complement each other and provide a wide and comprehensive
examination of spinal evolution.
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