This is the third book in a series presenting Nobel Prizes in the
life sciences using the remarkably rich archives of nominations and
reviews which are kept secret for 50 years after the awards have
been made. The two previous books are The present book discusses
the prizes in physiology or medicine 1963-65. The 1963 prize
recognized milestone discoveries in the field of neurosciences, the
way electrical impulses are generated and spread in nerves. The
impressive developments of insights into tantalizing brain
functions, like consciousness and memory, is discussed in the
perspective of prizes both before and after the 1963 prize. The
prize in 1964 marked the advanced biochemical venture that led to a
full understanding of the synthesis of cholesterol, a central
molecule for providing flexibility of the membranes of the
trillions of cell in our body. The importance of this molecule for
the appearance of cardiovascular diseases and the possibilities to
prevent them is presented in the light of other prizes earlier and
later in this field. The 1965 prize recognized three impressive
French intellectuals, Lwoff, Monod and Jacob. Their contributions
allowed the full maturation of the initial phase of the emerging
field of molecular biology. The comprehension of the information
flow from DNA via RNA to proteins was the source of a revolution of
life sciences and of medicine.
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