This history of ideas in American psychology divides 11 decades
into three periods, marked out by specific themes central to
psychologists over the years. Initially, the legacy of mind-body
dualism challenged scientists to make coherent a single universe of
mental and physical phenomena, but efforts were hampered by
languages that embody mental, physical, and metaphysical
commitments. This struggle began with James, whose work remains
enormously relevant, is exacerbated by Titchener, whose mentalism
provokes a reaction by Watson, whose physicalistic bias provoked a
vastly expanded realm opened by Gestalt.
The second period, from Freud to Skinner, shifted the focus from
mind and body to experimental and clinical settings for the
acquisition and application of psychological knowledge. Tolman,
Hebb, Rogers, Hull, Piaget, and Skinner each sought to create a
psychology that could bridge these two settings, often reducing one
to the other, but often inventing ideas for psychology that vastly
changed the earlier preoccupation with mind-body dualism. In the
third period, feminists, phenomenologists, and post modern thinkers
recentered psychology. The cultural acceptance of psychology as a
point of view on virtually any issue led to a proliferation of
diversity even greater than in the second period. The integration
of psychology into employment roles in most segments of society
made psychology more diverse and less unified than ever. An
important resource for all scholars, students, and researchers
involved with the history of ideas and American psychology.
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