This is the last major work of Eugene N. Sokolov, Professor of
Psychophysiology at Moscow State University from 1950 to 2008. It
summarizes the contributions of a lifetime on the neural mechanism
of consciousness. Working at the intersection of psychology,
neurophysiology and mathematics, Sokolov early introduced the
concept of quantifiable 'difference in neuronal activity' and
'cognitive distance' as corresponding metrics in the physical and
mental models of reality. He demonstrated the power of
multidimensional vector mathematics to represent the neural
computations that mediate between the brain's neural model and the
mind's mental model of reality.
Sokolov and colleagues showed a mathematical commonality among the
neuronal mechanisms that mediate the perception of basic features
of visual stimuli including color, brightness, line orientation and
motion. This led to a general vector model linking perceptual and
memory processes to adaptive motor mechanisms. They extended the
model to encompass broader, more complex functions, such as the
perception of emotions in facial expressions, semantic differences
in verbal stimuli and differential executive control mechanisms.
Integrating evidence from human psychophysics, animal
neurophysiology and vector mathematics they developed a unified
model to characterize quantitatively many complex relations between
objective and subjective aspects of reality.
Sokolov's studies of neuronal mechanisms of mental phenomena led
him to distinguish two categories of neurons: 'consciousness
neurons' directly associated with awareness of perceptual,
emotional and cognitive events, and neurons that are necessary for,
but not directly involved in, conscious processes. The book
integrates his findings with major themes shaping twenty-first
century understanding of the brain-mind relationship. It relates
the findings both to work of other Russian investigators, such as
Pavlov, Luria, and Rusinov, and to work of many Western
researchers, including von Bekesy, Eccles, Edelman, Ehrenstein,
Grossberg, John, Koch and Crick, Ledoux, Llinas, Milner, Penfield,
Penrose, Posner, and Schrodinger."
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