There is currently increasing interest concerning the biology
and disease caused by Acinetobacter species. Such interest,
however, developed relatively slowly because of the necessity to
clarify the confusing taxonomy of these organisms. Much work was
needed to identify various species as members of this genus, to
recognize their epidemiologic profile, their pathogenic role and
their increasing importance as multi-antibiotic resistant
organisms. In recent years improvement of genetic approaches,
recognition of plasmids, integrons and chromosomal sources of
resistance mechanisms aroused interest on the role of
Acinetobacters in disease by many microbiologists and clinicians,
especially internists and infectious disease specialists. In this
regard, physicians are frequently confronted with extremely
difficult therapeutic approaches for treatment and prevention of
severe nosocomial infections due to multi antibiotic resistant
Acinetobacter. Moreover, recent observations of community acquired
infections have been reported, especially in patients with various
risk factors such as immuno-deficiencies. Also, it is now becoming
evident that Acinetobacter infections occur frequently in violent
situations such as earthquake or war zones.
The mechanisms of Acinetobacter virulence are becoming
increasingly clear, providing new insights into their pathogenic
role in community acquired infections. It is apparent the time is
appropriate for detailed review of the increasing knowledge
concerning important new information, both clinical and
therapeutic, especially information concerning virulence,
resistance mechanisms and typing of Acinetobacter spp. Many new
findings are accumulating in almost an exponential manner since
publication of previous books on this subject in 1991 and 1996.
General
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